史上最强，接口自动化测试Requests库实战超细详解

本文主要是介绍史上最强，接口自动化测试Requests库实战超细详解，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！

一、requests库

Requests is an elegant and simple HTTP library for Python, built for human beings.
Requests库就是一个使用Python语言发送HTTP请求的一个类库。
github地址：https://github.com/psf/requests

中文地址：https://2.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/user/quickstart.html

二、发送基本请求

import requestsbase_url = "http://httpbin.org"#发送get请求
r = requests.get(base_url+"/get")
print(r.status_code)#发送post请求
r = requests.post(base_url+'/post')
print(r.status_code)#发送put请求
r = requests.put(base_url+"/put")
print(r.status_code)#发送delete请求
r = requests.delete(base_url+"/delete")
print(r.status_code)

二、参数传递

import requestsurl = "http://httpbin.org"param_data = {"name":"shiyan","password":"123456789"}#get请求传递参数
r = requests.get(url+"/get",params=param_data)
print(r.url)
print(r.status_code)param_data = {"name":"wangzhi","password":"20190001"}
#post请求传递参数
r = requests.post(url+"/post",data=param_data)
print(r.text)

三、请求头设置

import requestsurl = "http://httpbin.org"header = {"token":"201909011313"}r = requests.get(url+"/get",headers=header)print(r.text)

案例:访问知乎首页

import requestsurl = "https://www.baidu.com/"r = requests.get(url)cookies = r.cookiesprint(cookies)for key,value in cookies.items():print(key+":"+value)

四、cookies设置

import requestsurl = "http://httpbin.org"cookie = {"username":"shiyan"}r = requests.get(url+"/get",cookies=cookie)print(r.text)

五、超时设置

import requestsurl = "http://httpbin.org"r = requests.get(url+"/get",timeout=5)print(r.text)

六、上传文件

import requests#登录
loginUrl = "http://testapp.airspace.cn/api/passport/app/loginByPwd"#loginName: 15201438478, password: 123456a, deviceVersion: PCT-AL10, deviceOsVersion: 9, appVersion: 1.1.6
loginParam = {"loginName":"15201438478","password":"123456a","deviceVersion":"PCT-AL10","deviceOsVersion":"9","appVersion":"1.1.6"}r = requests.post(loginUrl,params=loginParam)print(r.json())loginToken = r.json()["data"]["loginToken"]print(loginToken)#图片上传
uploadImageUrl = "http://testapp.airspace.cn/api/image/upload"headers = {"Token":loginToken}files = {'image': open('upload.png', 'rb')}r = requests.post(uploadImageUrl,files=files,headers=headers)print(r.json())

七、会话对象

import requestsurl = "http://httpbin.org"#设置cookie
r = requests.get(url+"/cookies/set/user/shiyan")
print(r.text)#获取cookie
r = requests.get(url+"/cookies")
print(r.text)

结果

import requestsurl = "http://httpbin.org"s = requests.session()#设置cookie
r = s.get(url+"/cookies/set/user/shiyan")
print(r.text)#获取cookie
r = s.get(url+"/cookies")
print(r.text)

结果

八、ssl验证

import requestsurl = "https://www.12306.cn"r = requests.get(url,verify=False)print(r.text)

通过设置verify=False可以关闭ssl验证。

九、代理设置

import requestsurl = "http://httpbin.org"proxies = {"http":"http://111.231.140.109:8888"}r = requests.get(url+"/get",proxies=proxies)print(r.text)

结果

通过结果我们发现，通过代理发送请求后，服务器端收到的origin这个客户端地址就是我们设置的代理地址，客户端设置代理后，可以通过代理发送请求，防止请求接口次数过多时，服务器把客户端对应的ip地址添加到黑名单中。

十、身份认证

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth, HTTPDigestAuthurl = "http://httpbin.org"#basic-auth认证
r = requests.get(url+"/basic-auth/shiyan/8888",auth=HTTPBasicAuth("shiyan","8888"))
print(r.text)#digest-auth认证
r = requests.get(url+"/digest-auth/auth/shiyan/8888",auth=HTTPDigestAuth("shiyan","8888"))
print(r.text)

十一、实战 天气api

免费天气接口地址：https://www.sojson.com/api/weather.html

import requestsurl = "http://t.weather.sojson.com/api/weather/city/"cityId = "101030100"r = requests.get(url+cityId)response = r.json()print(response["cityInfo"]["city"])print(response["data"]["forecast"][0]["ymd"])

十二、unittest 实战天气api

import unittest
import requestsclass WeatherTest(unittest.TestCase):#开始def setUp(self):print("接口测试开始")self.baseUrl = "http://t.weather.sojson.com/api/weather/city/"#接口正常测试def test_weather_tianjin(self):self.url = self.baseUrl +"101030100"r = requests.get(self.url)response = r.json()self.assertEqual(response["status"],200)self.assertEqual(response["cityInfo"]["city"],"天津市")#接口参数错误def test_weather_params_error(self):self.url = self.baseUrl + "8888"r = requests.get(self.url)response = r.json()self.assertEqual(response["status"],404)self.assertEqual(response["message"],"Request resource not found.")#接口参数不传def test_weather_params_no(self):self.url = self.baseUrlr = requests.get(self.url)response = r.json()self.assertEqual(response["status"], 404)self.assertEqual(response["message"], "Request resource not found.")#结束def tearDown(self):print("接口测试结束")

十三、测试报告生成

1.编写run脚本:run.py

import unittest
from BSTestRunner import BSTestRunner
import time#指定测试用例和测试报告的路径
test_dir = "."
report_dir = "./reports"#加载测试用例
discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir,pattern="unittest_weather_api.py")#定义报告的文件格式
now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S")
report_name = report_dir + "/" + now + "test_report.html"#运行用例并生成报告
with open(report_name,"wb") as f:runner = BSTestRunner(stream=f,title="Weather Api Test Report",description="China City Weather Test Report")runner.run(discover)

2.执行脚本
案例图示如下:

3.生成接口测试报告
效果图示如下：

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