本文主要是介绍Django 2.1.7 模型 - 条件查询、模糊查询、空查询、比较查询、范围查询、日期查询...，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！
上一篇Django 2.1.7 模型 - MVT模型增删功能讲述了关于MVT模型中列表的增加数据以及删除数据的功能，在数据返回的过程中，也有部分关于模型之间关联查询的数据。
本篇章将着重讲述模型之间的关联查询。
参考文献
https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/2.1/topics/db/queries/
打开mysql数据中的日志功能
为了方便后续使用模型查看执行的sql语句，配置/etc/my.cnf文件，开启日志记录。
general_log=ON
general_log_file=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.log
注意：配置日志的用户权限需要设置为mysql用户，不然由于权限不足无法创建日志。
配置之后，重启mysql服务，并查看生成日志，如下：
[root@server01 ~]#
[root@server01 ~]# service mysqld restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart mysqld.service# 在另一个窗口执行查询sql，然后查看日志执行的语句
[root@server01 mysql]# tail -f /var/lib/mysql/mysql.log
2019-06-11T14:36:15.870481Z 3 Field List auth_group_permissions
2019-06-11T14:36:15.870825Z 3 Field List auth_permission
2019-06-11T14:36:15.871316Z 3 Field List auth_user
2019-06-11T14:36:15.871863Z 3 Field List auth_user_groups
2019-06-11T14:36:15.872190Z 3 Field List auth_user_user_permissions
2019-06-11T14:36:15.872539Z 3 Field List django_admin_log
2019-06-11T14:36:15.872954Z 3 Field List django_content_type
2019-06-11T14:36:15.873407Z 3 Field List django_migrations
2019-06-11T14:36:15.873699Z 3 Field List django_session
2019-06-11T14:36:15.874048Z 3 Query select * from assetinfo_serverinfo
好了，可以查看日志之后，下面就可以在模型执行查询，然后观察在mysql中的执行sql语句。
字段查询
使用模型来实现sql中where的功能，可以通过调用 过滤器filter()、exclude()、get() 来实现。
其中，"属性名_id"表示外键对应对象的id值。
语法如下：
说明：属性名称和比较运算符间使用两个下划线，所以属性名不能包括多个下划线。
属性名称__比较运算符=值
看完上面几句话，肯定是似懂非懂的，那么我们来进入django的交互模式，引入数据模型类来查询一下看看。
F:\pythonProject\django-pratice>python3 manage.py shell
Python 3.7.2 (tags/v3.7.2:9a3ffc0492, Dec 23 2018, 23:09:28) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)]
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 7.2.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.In [1]: from assetinfo.models import ServerInfo,MiddlewareInfoIn [2]:
条件查询
1) 精确查询
exact：表示精确查询。
首先在mysql查询一个 id = 1 的服务器信息，如下：
mysql> select * from assetinfo_serverinfo where id = 1;
+----+-----------------+--------------------+--------------------+---------------------+-----------+----------------------------+
| id | server_hostname | server_intranet_ip | server_internet_ip | server_shelves_date | is_delete | update_time |
+----+-----------------+--------------------+--------------------+---------------------+-----------+----------------------------+
| 1 | 测试服务器 | 172.16.5.1 | 223.5.5.5 | 2019-06-10 | 0 | 2019-06-10 14:56:46.425830 |
+----+-----------------+--------------------+--------------------+---------------------+-----------+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看mysql的查询日志如下：
那么下面使用django的模型查询看看，如下：
In [6]: serverinfo = ServerInfo.objects.filter( id__exact = 1 )In [7]: for item in serverinfo:...: print(item)...:
ServerInfo object (1)In [8]: for item in serverinfo:...: print(item.server_hostname)...:
测试服务器
再到日志看看执行的sql语句，如下：
2019-06-11T14:55:23.312240Z 4 Query SELECT `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`id`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_hostname`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_intranet_ip`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_internet_ip`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_shelves_date`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`update_time`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`is_delete` FROM `assetinfo_serverinfo` WHERE `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`id` = 1
那么如果执行get() 过滤器呢？
In [11]: ServerInfo.objects.get( id__exact = 1 )
Out[11]: <ServerInfo: ServerInfo object (1)>
日志打印执行sql如下：
2019-06-11T15:18:12.062269Z 4 Query SELECT `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`id`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_hostname`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_intranet_ip`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_internet_ip`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_shelves_date`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`update_time`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`is_delete` FROM `assetinfo_serverinfo` WHERE `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`id` = 1
跟filter过滤器执行是一样的。
那么 exclude() 方法呢？
In [12]: ServerInfo.objects.exclude( id__exact = 1 )
Out[12]: <QuerySet [<ServerInfo: ServerInfo object (2)>]>
日志打印sql如下：
2019-06-11T15:20:28.087415Z 4 Query SELECT `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`id`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_hostname`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_intranet_ip`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_internet_ip`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_shelves_date`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`update_time`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`is_delete` FROM `assetinfo_serverinfo` WHERE NOT (`assetinfo_serverinfo`.`id` = 1) LIMIT 21
可以看到这是排除 id = 1 的结果集，是跟上面两个结果不同的。
在mysql执行一下 exclude() 生成的sql语句，如下：
mysql> SELECT `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`id`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_hostname`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_intranet_ip`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_internet_ip`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_shelves_date`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`update_time`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`is_delete` FROM `assetinfo_serverinfo` WHERE NOT (`assetinfo_serverinfo`.`id` = 1) LIMIT 21-> ;
+----+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+-----------+
| id | server_hostname | server_intranet_ip | server_internet_ip | server_shelves_date | update_time | is_delete |
+----+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+-----------+
| 2 | 预发布服务器 | 172.168.0.3 | 223.6.6.6 | 2019-06-11 | 2019-06-10 16:40:42.159529 | 0 |
+----+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> mysql> select * from assetinfo_serverinfo where id <> 1;
+----+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+---------------------+-----------+----------------------------+
| id | server_hostname | server_intranet_ip | server_internet_ip | server_shelves_date | is_delete | update_time |
+----+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+---------------------+-----------+----------------------------+
| 2 | 预发布服务器 | 172.168.0.3 | 223.6.6.6 | 2019-06-11 | 0 | 2019-06-10 16:40:42.159529 |
+----+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+---------------------+-----------+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> 其实就是查询 id 不等于 1 的结果。
2) 模糊查询
contains：是否包含。
说明：如果要包含%无需转义，直接写即可。
例：查询服务器名称包含测试的服务器。
In [17]: ServerInfo.objects.filter( server_hostname__contains = "测试" )
Out[17]: <QuerySet [<ServerInfo: ServerInfo object (1)>]>
日志执行sql如下：
2019-06-11T15:46:25.036196Z 4 Query SELECT `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`id`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_hostname`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_intranet_ip`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_internet_ip`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_shelves_date`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`update_time`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`is_delete` FROM `assetinfo_serverinfo` WHERE `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_hostname` LIKE BINARY '%测试%' LIMIT 21
可以看到LIKE BINARY '%测试%' 作为模糊匹配的条件，但是前后都写%的话，查询性能肯定不高，那么如何设置前后的%呢?
startswith、endswith：以指定值开头或结尾。
In [19]: ServerInfo.objects.filter( server_hostname__startswith = "测试" )
Out[19]: <QuerySet [<ServerInfo: ServerInfo object (1)>]>In [20]:
对应执行SQL如下：
2019-06-11T15:50:03.661754Z 4 Query SELECT `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`id`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_hostname`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_intranet_ip`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_internet_ip`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_shelves_date`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`update_time`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`is_delete` FROM `assetinfo_serverinfo` WHERE `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_hostname` LIKE BINARY '测试%' LIMIT 21
可以看到，当使用startswith执行查询，那么测试%则是在后面模糊查询。
In [20]: ServerInfo.objects.filter( server_hostname__endswith = "测试" )
Out[20]: <QuerySet []>
对应执行SQL如下：
2019-06-11T15:51:37.833362Z 4 Query SELECT `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`id`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_hostname`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_intranet_ip`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_internet_ip`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_shelves_date`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`update_time`, `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`is_delete` FROM `assetinfo_serverinfo` WHERE `assetinfo_serverinfo`.`server_hostname` LIKE BINARY '%测试' LIMIT 21
可以看到，当使用endswith执行查询，那么 %测试则是在前面模糊查询。
以上运算符都区分大小写，在这些运算符前加上i表示不区分大小写，如iexact、icontains、istartswith、iendswith.
3) 空查询
isnull：是否为null。
例：查询中间件名不为空的中间件信息。
In [21]: MiddlewareInfo.objects.filter( name__isnull = False )
Out[21]: <QuerySet [<MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (1)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (2)>, <MiddlewareInfo: Middlewar
eInfo object (3)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (4)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (5)>, <MiddlewareInfo: Middleware
Info object (6)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (7)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (8)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareI
nfo object (9)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (10)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (11)>, <MiddlewareInfo: Middleware
Info object (12)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (13)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (14)>, <MiddlewareInfo: Middlewa
reInfo object (15)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (16)>]>In [22]:
对应执行的SQL如下：
2019-06-11T15:58:14.759899Z 4 Query SELECT `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`id`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`name`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`port`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`server_id`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`shelves_date`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`update_time`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`is_delete` FROM `assetinfo_middlewareinfo` WHERE `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`name` IS NOT NULL LIMIT 21
可以看到 name IS NOT NULL , 如果设置为 True，那么则是 IS NULL
4) 范围查询
in：是否包含在范围内。
例：查询 id 为1或3或5的 中间件
In [23]: MiddlewareInfo.objects.filter( id__in = [1,3,5] )
Out[23]: <QuerySet [<MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (1)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (3)>, <MiddlewareInfo: Middlewar
eInfo object (5)>]>In [24]:
对应SQL如下：
2019-06-11T16:02:34.126657Z 4 Query SELECT `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`id`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`name`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`port`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`server_id`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`shelves_date`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`update_time`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`is_delete` FROM `assetinfo_middlewareinfo` WHERE `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`id` IN (1, 3, 5) LIMIT 21
查询条件为 id IN (1, 3, 5)，那么如果要查询 not in 呢？此时可以使用 exclude() 方法。
In [24]: MiddlewareInfo.objects.exclude( id__in = [1,3,5] )
Out[24]: <QuerySet [<MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (2)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (4)>, <MiddlewareInfo: Middlewar
eInfo object (6)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (7)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (8)>, <MiddlewareInfo: Middleware
Info object (9)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (10)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (11)>, <MiddlewareInfo: Middlewar
eInfo object (12)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (13)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (14)>, <MiddlewareInfo: Middlew
areInfo object (15)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (16)>]>
对应执行SQL如下：
2019-06-11T16:04:35.102702Z 4 Query SELECT `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`id`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`name`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`port`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`server_id`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`shelves_date`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`update_time`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`is_delete` FROM `assetinfo_middlewareinfo` WHERE NOT (`assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`id` IN (1, 3, 5)) LIMIT 21
把SQL在mysql执行一下看看，如下：
mysql> SELECT `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`id`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`name`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`port`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`server_id`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`shelves_date`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`update_time`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`is_delete` FROM `assetinfo_middlewareinfo` WHERE NOT (`assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`id` IN (1, 3, 5)) LIMIT 21;
+----+---------+------+-----------+----------------------------+----------------------------+-----------+
| id | name | port | server_id | shelves_date | update_time | is_delete |
+----+---------+------+-----------+----------------------------+----------------------------+-----------+
| 2 | redis | 6379 | 1 | 2019-06-10 14:56:46.150556 | 2019-06-10 17:38:20.712862 | 1 |
| 4 | kafka | 9092 | 2 | 2019-06-10 16:42:25.561732 | 2019-06-10 17:39:29.302349 | 1 |
| 6 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-10 17:06:20.120658 | 2019-06-10 17:06:20.121656 | 1 |
| 7 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-10 17:06:43.193412 | 2019-06-10 17:06:43.193412 | 1 |
| 8 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-10 17:07:03.747395 | 2019-06-10 17:07:03.747395 | 1 |
| 9 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-10 17:08:43.372097 | 2019-06-10 17:08:43.372097 | 1 |
| 10 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-10 17:09:37.877019 | 2019-06-10 17:09:37.877019 | 1 |
| 11 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-10 17:11:45.403627 | 2019-06-10 17:11:45.403627 | 1 |
| 12 | mysql | 3306 | 2 | 2019-06-10 17:12:12.558217 | 2019-06-10 17:12:12.558217 | 0 |
| 13 | mongodb | 3388 | 2 | 2019-06-10 17:15:18.327729 | 2019-06-10 17:15:18.327729 | 1 |
| 14 | mongodb | 3306 | 1 | 2019-06-11 14:01:24.003175 | 2019-06-11 14:06:14.525648 | 1 |
| 15 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-11 14:04:10.576241 | 2019-06-11 14:04:10.576241 | 0 |
| 16 | test | 3306 | 1 | 2019-06-11 14:06:05.608006 | 2019-06-11 14:06:05.608006 | 0 |
+----+---------+------+-----------+----------------------------+----------------------------+-----------+
13 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
可以看到已经提出了 id = 1,3,5 的数据。
5) 比较查询
gt、gte、lt、lte：大于、大于等于、小于、小于等于。
例：查询 id大于3 的中间件
In [26]: MiddlewareInfo.objects.filter( id__gt = 3 )
Out[26]: <QuerySet [<MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (4)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (5)>, <MiddlewareInfo: Middlewar
eInfo object (6)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (7)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (8)>, <MiddlewareInfo: Middleware
Info object (9)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (10)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (11)>, <MiddlewareInfo: Middlewar
eInfo object (12)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (13)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (14)>, <MiddlewareInfo: Middlew
areInfo object (15)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (16)>]>
对应的SQL如下：
2019-06-11T16:11:24.052080Z 4 Query SELECT `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`id`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`name`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`port`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`server_id`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`shelves_date`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`update_time`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`is_delete` FROM `assetinfo_middlewareinfo` WHERE `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`id` > 3 LIMIT 21执行SQL如下：
mysql> SELECT `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`id`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`name`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`port`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`server_id`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`shelves_date`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`update_time`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`is_delete` FROM `assetinfo_middlewareinfo` WHERE `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`id` > 3 LIMIT 21;
+----+---------+------+-----------+----------------------------+----------------------------+-----------+
| id | name | port | server_id | shelves_date | update_time | is_delete |
+----+---------+------+-----------+----------------------------+----------------------------+-----------+
| 4 | kafka | 9092 | 2 | 2019-06-10 16:42:25.561732 | 2019-06-10 17:39:29.302349 | 1 |
| 5 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-10 17:05:16.632773 | 2019-06-10 17:05:16.632773 | 1 |
| 6 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-10 17:06:20.120658 | 2019-06-10 17:06:20.121656 | 1 |
| 7 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-10 17:06:43.193412 | 2019-06-10 17:06:43.193412 | 1 |
| 8 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-10 17:07:03.747395 | 2019-06-10 17:07:03.747395 | 1 |
| 9 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-10 17:08:43.372097 | 2019-06-10 17:08:43.372097 | 1 |
| 10 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-10 17:09:37.877019 | 2019-06-10 17:09:37.877019 | 1 |
| 11 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-10 17:11:45.403627 | 2019-06-10 17:11:45.403627 | 1 |
| 12 | mysql | 3306 | 2 | 2019-06-10 17:12:12.558217 | 2019-06-10 17:12:12.558217 | 0 |
| 13 | mongodb | 3388 | 2 | 2019-06-10 17:15:18.327729 | 2019-06-10 17:15:18.327729 | 1 |
| 14 | mongodb | 3306 | 1 | 2019-06-11 14:01:24.003175 | 2019-06-11 14:06:14.525648 | 1 |
| 15 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-11 14:04:10.576241 | 2019-06-11 14:04:10.576241 | 0 |
| 16 | test | 3306 | 1 | 2019-06-11 14:06:05.608006 | 2019-06-11 14:06:05.608006 | 0 |
+----+---------+------+-----------+----------------------------+----------------------------+-----------+
13 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
不等于的运算符，使用exclude()过滤器。
In [27]: MiddlewareInfo.objects.exclude( id = 3 )
6) 日期查询
year、month、day、week_day、hour、minute、second：对日期时间类型的属性进行运算。
例：查询2019年加入数据的中间件。
In [29]: MiddlewareInfo.objects.filter( shelves_date__year = 2019 )
Out[29]: <QuerySet [<MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (1)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (2)>, <MiddlewareInfo: Middlewar
eInfo object (3)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (4)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (5)>, <MiddlewareInfo: Middleware
Info object (6)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (7)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (8)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareI
nfo object (9)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (10)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (11)>, <MiddlewareInfo: Middleware
Info object (12)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (13)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (14)>, <MiddlewareInfo: Middlewa
reInfo object (15)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (16)>]>
对应的SQL如下：
2019-06-11T16:16:15.497283Z 4 Query SELECT `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`id`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`name`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`port`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`server_id`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`shelves_date`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`update_time`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`is_delete` FROM `assetinfo_middlewareinfo` WHERE `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`shelves_date` BETWEEN '2019-01-01 00:00:00' AND '2019-12-31 23:59:59.999999' LIMIT 21
可以从上面看到，年份的查询条件就是区间查询 BETWEEN '2019-01-01 00:00:00' AND '2019-12-31 23:59:59.999999'
那么查询月份呢？
In [32]: MiddlewareInfo.objects.filter( shelves_date__month = 1 )
Out[32]: <QuerySet []>In [33]:
对应的SQL如下：
2019-06-11T16:18:46.824127Z 4 Query SELECT `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`id`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`name`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`port`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`server_id`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`shelves_date`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`update_time`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`is_delete` FROM `assetinfo_middlewareinfo` WHERE EXTRACT(MONTH FROM CONVERT_TZ(`assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`shelves_date`, 'UTC', 'UTC')) = 1 LIMIT 21
可以看到月份的查询时区不对 EXTRACT(MONTH FROM CONVERT_TZ(assetinfo_middlewareinfo.shelves_date, 'UTC', 'UTC')) = 1
例：查询2019年5月1日后加入数据的中间件。
In [4]: from datetime import dateIn [5]: MiddlewareInfo.objects.filter( shelves_date__gt = date(2019,5,1) )
G:\Python3\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields\__init__.py:1363: RuntimeWarning: DateTimeField MiddlewareInfo.shelves_date received a naive datetime (2019-05-01 00:0
0:00) while time zone support is active.RuntimeWarning)
Out[5]: <QuerySet [<MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (1)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (2)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (3)>, <MiddlewareInfo: Middlewar
eInfo object (4)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (5)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (6)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (7)>, <MiddlewareInfo: Middlewar
eInfo object (8)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (9)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (10)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (11)>, <MiddlewareInfo: Middlew
areInfo object (12)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (13)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (14)>, <MiddlewareInfo: MiddlewareInfo object (15)>, <MiddlewareInfo: Mid
dlewareInfo object (16)>]>
对应执行的SQL如下：
mysql> SELECT `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`id`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`name`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`port`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`server_id`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`shelves_date`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`update_time`, `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`is_delete` FROM `assetinfo_middlewareinfo` WHERE `assetinfo_middlewareinfo`.`shelves_date` > '2019-04-30 16:00:00' LIMIT 21;
+----+-----------+-------+-----------+----------------------------+----------------------------+-----------+
| id | name | port | server_id | shelves_date | update_time | is_delete |
+----+-----------+-------+-----------+----------------------------+----------------------------+-----------+
| 1 | memcached | 11211 | 1 | 2019-06-10 14:56:46.150556 | 2019-06-10 17:37:51.365155 | 1 |
| 2 | redis | 6379 | 1 | 2019-06-10 14:56:46.150556 | 2019-06-10 17:38:20.712862 | 1 |
| 3 | nginx | 80 | 2 | 2019-06-10 16:41:52.129517 | 2019-06-10 17:38:18.923155 | 1 |
| 4 | kafka | 9092 | 2 | 2019-06-10 16:42:25.561732 | 2019-06-10 17:39:29.302349 | 1 |
| 5 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-10 17:05:16.632773 | 2019-06-10 17:05:16.632773 | 1 |
| 6 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-10 17:06:20.120658 | 2019-06-10 17:06:20.121656 | 1 |
| 7 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-10 17:06:43.193412 | 2019-06-10 17:06:43.193412 | 1 |
| 8 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-10 17:07:03.747395 | 2019-06-10 17:07:03.747395 | 1 |
| 9 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-10 17:08:43.372097 | 2019-06-10 17:08:43.372097 | 1 |
| 10 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-10 17:09:37.877019 | 2019-06-10 17:09:37.877019 | 1 |
| 11 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-10 17:11:45.403627 | 2019-06-10 17:11:45.403627 | 1 |
| 12 | mysql | 3306 | 2 | 2019-06-10 17:12:12.558217 | 2019-06-10 17:12:12.558217 | 0 |
| 13 | mongodb | 3388 | 2 | 2019-06-10 17:15:18.327729 | 2019-06-10 17:15:18.327729 | 1 |
| 14 | mongodb | 3306 | 1 | 2019-06-11 14:01:24.003175 | 2019-06-11 14:06:14.525648 | 1 |
| 15 | test | 123 | 1 | 2019-06-11 14:04:10.576241 | 2019-06-11 14:04:10.576241 | 0 |
| 16 | test | 3306 | 1 | 2019-06-11 14:06:05.608006 | 2019-06-11 14:06:05.608006 | 0 |
+----+-----------+-------+-----------+----------------------------+----------------------------+-----------+
16 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
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