CentOS7+Rsyslog+MySQL 搭建 Rsyslog 日志服务器

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1、主机环境

rsyslog-server   10.11.66.218
rsyslog-client   10.11.66.225

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)
[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# free -htotal        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           2.9G        140M        2.7G        8.9M        103M        2.7G
Swap:          3.0G          0B        3.0G

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl --static set-hostname rsyslog-server

2、rsyslog搭建

2.1、rsyslog-server搭建

[root@rsyslog-server ~]# cp /etc/rsyslog.conf{,.bak}
[root@rsyslog-server ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
$ModLoad imudp        # 使用udp协议，也可以使用tcp协议
$UDPServerRun 514     # 开启514端口
[root@rsyslog-server ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog.service
[root@rsyslog-server ~]# systemctl enable rsyslog.service

2.2、rsyslog-client

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl --static set-hostname rsyslog-client
[root@rsyslog-client ~]# yum -y install nginx
[root@rsyslog-client ~]# cp /etc/rsyslog.conf{,.bak}   # 良好的习惯，从备份配置文件开始
[root@rsyslog-client ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
[root@rsyslog-client ~]# egrep -v "^$|#" /etc/rsyslog.conf
$ModLoad imudp        # 使用udp协议，也可以使用tcp协议
$UDPServerRun 514     # 开启514端口
$WorkDirectory /var/lib/rsyslog
$ActionFileDefaultTemplate RSYSLOG_TraditionalFileFormat
$IncludeConfig /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf
$OmitLocalLogging on
$IMJournalStateFile imjournal.state
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none                @10.11.66.218  # 将日志存到远端rsyslog-server上
authpriv.*                                              /var/log/secure
mail.*                                                  -/var/log/maillog
cron.*                                                  /var/log/cron
*.emerg                                                 :omusrmsg:*
uucp,news.crit                                          /var/log/spooler
local7.*                                                /var/log/boot.log
[root@rsyslog-client ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog.service
[root@rsyslog-client ~]# systemctl enable rsyslog.service   # 以防万一

2.2.1、测试

[root@rsyslog-client ~]# systemctl restart nginx.service[root@rsyslog-server ~]# tail /var/log/messages
Jul 18 17:17:47 rsyslog-server systemd: Stopped System Logging Service.
Jul 18 17:17:47 rsyslog-server systemd: Starting System Logging Service...
Jul 18 17:17:47 rsyslog-server rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="8.24.0-52.el7_8.2" x-pid="2419" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] start
Jul 18 17:17:47 rsyslog-server systemd: Started System Logging Service.
Jul 18 17:17:52 rsyslog-server systemd: Reloading.
Jul 18 17:18:15 rsyslog-client systemd: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Jul 18 17:18:15 rsyslog-client nginx: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Jul 18 17:18:15 rsyslog-client nginx: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Jul 18 17:18:15 rsyslog-client systemd: Failed to parse PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Success
Jul 18 17:18:15 rsyslog-client systemd: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
# rsyslog-server成功获取到rsyslog-client的日志

2.3、rsyslog日志分类

# 只需要在rsyslog-server上操作即可
[root@rsyslog-server ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.d/default.conf
尽量避免修改主配置文件，我们在 '/etc/rsyslog.d/'中新建'default.conf'，追加如下模板：
#### GLOBAL DIRECTIVES ####
# Use default timestamp format  # 使用自定义的格式$ActionFileDefaultTemplate RSYSLOG_TraditionalFileFormat$template myFormat,"%timestamp% %fromhost-ip% %syslogtag% %msg%\n"$ActionFileDefaultTemplate myFormat# 根据客户端的IP单独存放主机日志在不同目录，rsyslog需要手动创建$template RemoteLogs,"/var/log/rsyslog/%fromhost-ip%/%syslogtag%_%$YEAR%-%$MONTH%-%$DAY%-%$hour%:%$minute%.log"
# 排除本地主机IP日志记录，只记录远程主机日志:fromhost-ip, !isequal, "127.0.0.1" ?RemoteLogs
# 忽略之前所有的日志，远程主机日志记录完之后不再继续往下记录& ~
[root@rsyslog-server ~]# egrep -v "^$|#" /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-r -m 0 -c 2"
[root@rsyslog-server ~]# mkdir /var/log/rsyslog
[root@rsyslog-server ~]# chmod a+w /var/log/rsyslog/
[root@rsyslog-server ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog.service

2.3.1、测试

[root@rsyslog-client ~]# systemctl restart nginx.service[root@rsyslog-server ~]# cd /var/log/rsyslog/
[root@rsyslog-server rsyslog]# ls
10.11.66.225
[root@rsyslog-server rsyslog]# cd 10.11.66.225/
[root@rsyslog-server 10.11.66.225]# ls
nginx:_2020-07-18-17:24.log  systemd:_2020-07-18-17:24.log
[root@rsyslog-server 10.11.66.225]# cat nginx\:_2020-07-18-17\:24.log  # nginx没有操作，所以没有日志内容
[root@rsyslog-server 10.11.66.225]# cat systemd\:_2020-07-18-17\:24.log   # systemctl的操作日志，被记录在systemd日志下
Jul 18 17:24:54 10.11.66.225 systemd:  Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Jul 18 17:24:54 10.11.66.225 systemd:  Failed to parse PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Success
Jul 18 17:24:54 10.11.66.225 systemd:  Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.

3、基于mysql存储日志信息

3.1、安装mariadb

# 注意主机名
[root@rsyslog-server ~]# yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
[root@rsyslog-client ~]# yum -y install rsyslog-mysql mariadb-server

3.2、配置mariadb数据库

[root@rsyslog-server ~]# systemctl enable mariadb.service --now  # rsyslog-server和rsyslog-client都需要启动，方便测试
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.

3.3、配置rsyslog-server

[root@rsyslog-server ~]# mysql_secure_installation   # 数据库初始化NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDBSERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..... Success!By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y... Success!Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n... skipping.By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y... Success!Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n... skipping.By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y- Dropping test database...... Success!- Removing privileges on test database...... Success!Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y... Success!Cleaning up...All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.Thanks for using MariaDB!

[root@rsyslog-server ~]# mysql -uroot -p  # 不要在终端明文输入密码
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 11
Server version: 5.5.65-MariaDB MariaDB ServerCopyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]> create database rsyslog;   # 创一个rsyslog库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;    # 查看是否创建成功
+--------------------+  
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| rsyslog            |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on rsyslog.* to "rsyslog"@"10.11.66.%" identified by "1234.com";   # 创建一个rsyslog的用户
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;   # 刷新授权
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@rsyslog-server ~]# cp /etc/my.cnf{,.bak}
[root@rsyslog-server ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
skip_name_resolve=on  			# 这个参数是禁止域名解析
innodb_file_per_table=on 		# 共享表空间转化为独立表空间
[root@rsyslog-server ~]# systemctl restart mariadb.service

3.4、配置rsyslog-client

[root@rsyslog-client ~]# cat /usr/share/doc/rsyslog-8.24.0/mysql-createDB.sql
USE rsyslog;
CREATE TABLE SystemEvents
(ID int unsigned not null auto_increment primary key,CustomerID bigint,ReceivedAt datetime NULL,DeviceReportedTime datetime NULL,Facility smallint NULL,Priority smallint NULL,FromHost varchar(60) NULL,Message text,NTSeverity int NULL,Importance int NULL,EventSource varchar(60),EventUser varchar(60) NULL,EventCategory int NULL,EventID int NULL,EventBinaryData text NULL,MaxAvailable int NULL,CurrUsage int NULL,MinUsage int NULL,MaxUsage int NULL,InfoUnitID int NULL ,SysLogTag varchar(60),EventLogType varchar(60),GenericFileName VarChar(60),SystemID int NULL
);CREATE TABLE SystemEventsProperties
(ID int unsigned not null auto_increment primary key,SystemEventID int NULL ,ParamName varchar(255) NULL ,ParamValue text NULL
);

[root@rsyslog-client ~]# mysql -ursyslog -h 10.11.66.218 -p  # 测试远程连接没有问题
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 12
Server version: 5.5.65-MariaDB MariaDB ServerCopyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

[root@rsyslog-client ~]# mysql -ursyslog -h 10.11.66.218 -p < /usr/share/doc/rsyslog-8.24.0/mysql-createDB.sql
Enter password:

3.5、测试

[root@rsyslog-client ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
#### MODULES ####
$ModLoad ommysql
#### RULES ####
#*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none                @10.11.66.218
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none               :ommysql:10.11.66.218,rsyslog,rsyslog,1234.com
[root@rsyslog-client ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog.service
[root@rsyslog-client ~]# systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@rsyslog-client ~]# mysql -ursyslog -h 10.11.66.218 -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 7
Server version: 5.5.65-MariaDB MariaDB ServerCopyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| rsyslog            |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> use rsyslog;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed
MariaDB [rsyslog]> show tables;
+------------------------+
| Tables_in_rsyslog      |
+------------------------+
| SystemEvents           |
| SystemEventsProperties |
+------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [rsyslog]> select * from SystemEvents;
+----+------------+---------------------+---------------------+----------+----------+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+------------+-------------+-----------+---------------+---------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------+----------+------------+-----------+--------------+-----------------+----------+
| ID | CustomerID | ReceivedAt          | DeviceReportedTime  | Facility | Priority | FromHost       | Message                                                                                                                         | NTSeverity | Importance | EventSource | EventUser | EventCategory | EventID | EventBinaryData | MaxAvailable | CurrUsage | MinUsage | MaxUsage | InfoUnitID | SysLogTag | EventLogType | GenericFileName | SystemID |
+----+------------+---------------------+---------------------+----------+----------+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+------------+-------------+-----------+---------------+---------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------+----------+------------+-----------+--------------+-----------------+----------+
|  1 |       NULL | 2020-07-18 18:00:12 | 2020-07-18 18:00:12 |        3 |        6 | rsyslog-client | Stopping System Logging Service...                                                                                              |       NULL |       NULL | NULL        | NULL      |          NULL |    NULL | NULL            |         NULL |      NULL |     NULL |     NULL |          1 | systemd:  | NULL         | NULL            |     NULL |
|  2 |       NULL | 2020-07-18 18:00:12 | 2020-07-18 18:00:12 |        5 |        6 | rsyslog-client |  [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="8.24.0-52.el7_8.2" x-pid="17500" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] exiting on signal 15. |       NULL |       NULL | NULL        | NULL      |          NULL |    NULL | NULL            |         NULL |      NULL |     NULL |     NULL |          1 | rsyslogd: | NULL         | NULL            |     NULL |
|  3 |       NULL | 2020-07-18 18:00:12 | 2020-07-18 18:00:12 |        3 |        6 | rsyslog-client | Stopped System Logging Service.                                                                                                 |       NULL |       NULL | NULL        | NULL      |          NULL |    NULL | NULL            |         NULL |      NULL |     NULL |     NULL |          1 | systemd:  | NULL         | NULL            |     NULL |
|  4 |       NULL | 2020-07-18 18:00:12 | 2020-07-18 18:00:12 |        3 |        6 | rsyslog-client | Starting System Logging Service...                                                                                              |       NULL |       NULL | NULL        | NULL      |          NULL |    NULL | NULL            |         NULL |      NULL |     NULL |     NULL |          1 | systemd:  | NULL         | NULL            |     NULL |
|  5 |       NULL | 2020-07-18 18:00:17 | 2020-07-18 18:00:17 |        5 |        6 | rsyslog-client |  [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="8.24.0-52.el7_8.2" x-pid="18007" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] start                 |       NULL |       NULL | NULL        | NULL      |          NULL |    NULL | NULL            |         NULL |      NULL |     NULL |     NULL |          1 | rsyslogd: | NULL         | NULL            |     NULL |
|  6 |       NULL | 2020-07-18 18:00:17 | 2020-07-18 18:00:17 |        3 |        6 | rsyslog-client | Started System Logging Service.                                                                                                 |       NULL |       NULL | NULL        | NULL      |          NULL |    NULL | NULL            |         NULL |      NULL |     NULL |     NULL |          1 | systemd:  | NULL         | NULL            |     NULL |
|  7 |       NULL | 2020-07-18 18:01:01 | 2020-07-18 18:01:01 |        3 |        6 | rsyslog-client | Started Session 78 of user root.                                                                                                |       NULL |       NULL | NULL        | NULL      |          NULL |    NULL | NULL            |         NULL |      NULL |     NULL |     NULL |          1 | systemd:  | NULL         | NULL            |     NULL |
|  8 |       NULL | 2020-07-18 18:02:35 | 2020-07-18 18:02:35 |        3 |        6 | rsyslog-client | Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...                                                                             |       NULL |       NULL | NULL        | NULL      |          NULL |    NULL | NULL            |         NULL |      NULL |     NULL |     NULL |          1 | systemd:  | NULL         | NULL            |     NULL |
|  9 |       NULL | 2020-07-18 18:02:35 | 2020-07-18 18:02:35 |        3 |        6 | rsyslog-client | nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok                                                                |       NULL |       NULL | NULL        | NULL      |          NULL |    NULL | NULL            |         NULL |      NULL |     NULL |     NULL |          1 | nginx:    | NULL         | NULL            |     NULL |
| 10 |       NULL | 2020-07-18 18:02:35 | 2020-07-18 18:02:35 |        3 |        6 | rsyslog-client | nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful                                                              |       NULL |       NULL | NULL        | NULL      |          NULL |    NULL | NULL            |         NULL |      NULL |     NULL |     NULL |          1 | nginx:    | NULL         | NULL            |     NULL |
| 11 |       NULL | 2020-07-18 18:02:35 | 2020-07-18 18:02:35 |        3 |        6 | rsyslog-client | Failed to parse PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Success                                                                           |       NULL |       NULL | NULL        | NULL      |          NULL |    NULL | NULL            |         NULL |      NULL |     NULL |     NULL |          1 | systemd:  | NULL         | NULL            |     NULL |
| 12 |       NULL | 2020-07-18 18:02:35 | 2020-07-18 18:02:35 |        3 |        6 | rsyslog-client | Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.                                                                                |       NULL |       NULL | NULL        | NULL      |          NULL |    NULL | NULL            |         NULL |      NULL |     NULL |     NULL |          1 | systemd:  | NULL         | NULL            |     NULL |
+----+------------+---------------------+---------------------+----------+----------+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+------------+-------------+-----------+---------------+---------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------+----------+------------+-----------+--------------+-----------------+----------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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