Python：腾讯云-轻量应用服务器-实现自动快照

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Python：腾讯云-轻量应用服务器-实现自动快照 – WhiteNight's Site

先说一下配置情况：轻量应用服务器+一块系统盘。我没钱加盘，所以不知道多块盘的情况下这个脚本还能不能用。

官方文档给的代码已经很齐全了，只需要做点补充就能直接用。

至于为什么要写这么个脚本？主要是轻量应用服务器的快照配额就两个，每次备份快照都是-删快照-新建快照这么个流程。而且如果你和我一样每周甚至每天都要备份个快照，那每次备份快照都要登陆，然后点这点那的，还是蛮麻烦的。所以不如写个自动化脚本，一条命令搞定快照。

密钥

小心使用

API访问密钥链接：https://console.cloud.tencent.com/cam/capi

考虑到密钥实际上相当于“登陆”，泄漏密钥和把账号拱手送人没多大区别，所以这东西还是小心保管比较好。

获取快照列表

传id和key

这块官方文档都给全了，只需要做些小修改就行。

考虑到我们只需要获取快照列表，所以我删去了一些用不上的代码。又考虑到直接在代码中保存id和key不太安全，所以我选择通过外部传参数的方式去给出id和key。

同时或者client的时候需要指定Region，Region参数的说明如下。

用logging纯属个人兴趣了，直接用print也行。

Python

def parse():parser = argparse.ArgumentParser('TencentCloud_Lighthouse_AutoSnapshot',description='腾讯云lighthouse自动快照脚本')parser.add_argument('--id',help='密钥ID')parser.add_argument('--key',help='密钥KEY')parser.add_argument('--server_id',help='服务器的实例ID')parser.add_argument('--mode',default='info',help='日志级别，默认info，可选debug')parser.add_argument('--snapshot_mode',default='None',help='快照模式，默认None，可选delete,create')return parser.parse_args()def get_snapshot_list(id,key):try:cred = credential.Credential(id, key)client = lighthouse_client.LighthouseClient(cred, "ap-guangzhou")req = models.DescribeSnapshotsRequest()params = {}req.from_json_string(json.dumps(params))resp = client.DescribeSnapshots(req)logging.debug(resp.to_json_string())logging.info('获取快照列表成功')return resp,clientexcept TencentCloudSDKException as err:logging.error('获取快照列表失败')logging.error(err)return None,None

删除快照

根据快照id删除

轻量应用服务器-删除快照:https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/1207/54389

官方文档也写了，删快照需要传入被删除快照的id，这也是为什么要先去获取快照列表。

一般来说，删快照删的是最老的那个，所以还要给快照的创建时间排个序，再筛选出最老的那个快照。其他的和获取快照列表的代码都差不多。

Python

def choose_snapshot(snapshot_list):# 选择最老的快照SnapshotSet=snapshot_list.SnapshotSetSnapshotSet.sort(key=lambda x:x.CreatedTime)logging.info('选择最老的快照：{}'.format(SnapshotSet[0].SnapshotId)+' 创建时间：{}'.format(SnapshotSet[0].CreatedTime))return SnapshotSet[0].SnapshotIddef delete_snapshot(client:lighthouse_client.LighthouseClient,snapshot_id:str):try:logging.info('删除快照：{}'.format(snapshot_id))req=models.DeleteSnapshotsRequest()params={'SnapshotIds':[snapshot_id],}req.from_json_string(json.dumps(params))resp=client.DeleteSnapshots(req)logging.debug(resp.to_json_string())except TencentCloudSDKException as err:logging.error('删除快照失败')logging.error(err)

新建快照

需要服务器实例ID

和删快照不一样，新建快照需要指定在xxx实例（也就是xxx服务器）上新建快照，所以我们还需要服务器的实例id。服务器的实例id在服务器的概要那里就能直接复制。

很可惜，快照的id无法自定义，只能自定义快照的名称。所以代码如下

Python

def create_snapshot(client:lighthouse_client.LighthouseClient,snapshot_list,server_id:str):try:logging.info('新建快照')SnapshotName="Snapshot-"+str(time.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S", time.localtime()))while SnapshotName in [i.SnapshotName for i in snapshot_list.SnapshotSet]:SnapshotName="Snapshot-"+str(time.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S", time.localtime()))logging.info('新建快照：'+' 名称：{}'.format(SnapshotName))req=models.CreateInstanceSnapshotRequest()params={"InstanceId":server_id,"SnapshotName":SnapshotName}req.from_json_string(json.dumps(params))resp=client.CreateInstanceSnapshot(req)logging.debug(resp.to_json_string())logging.info('新建快照成功')except TencentCloudSDKException as err:logging.error('新建快照失败')logging.error(err)

完整代码

使用说明

默认是“删一增一”，如果没快照就只作“新建快照”的操作。当然为了方便使用，也能指定只作“新建”或只作“删除”快照的操作。

Python

import json
import argparse
import logging
import random
import time
from tencentcloud.common import credential
from tencentcloud.common.profile.client_profile import ClientProfile
from tencentcloud.common.profile.http_profile import HttpProfile
from tencentcloud.common.exception.tencent_cloud_sdk_exception import TencentCloudSDKException
from tencentcloud.lighthouse.v20200324 import lighthouse_client, modelsdef parse():parser = argparse.ArgumentParser('TencentCloud_Lighthouse_AutoSnapshot',description='腾讯云lighthouse自动快照脚本')parser.add_argument('--id',help='密钥ID')parser.add_argument('--key',help='密钥KEY')parser.add_argument('--server_id',help='服务器的实例ID')parser.add_argument('--mode',default='info',help='日志级别，默认info，可选debug')parser.add_argument('--snapshot_mode',default='None',help='快照模式，默认None，可选delete,create')return parser.parse_args()def get_snapshot_list(id,key):try:cred = credential.Credential(id, key)client = lighthouse_client.LighthouseClient(cred, "ap-guangzhou")req = models.DescribeSnapshotsRequest()params = {}req.from_json_string(json.dumps(params))resp = client.DescribeSnapshots(req)logging.debug(resp.to_json_string())logging.info('获取快照列表成功')return resp,clientexcept TencentCloudSDKException as err:logging.error('获取快照列表失败')logging.error(err)return None,Nonedef choose_snapshot(snapshot_list):# 选择最老的快照SnapshotSet=snapshot_list.SnapshotSetSnapshotSet.sort(key=lambda x:x.CreatedTime)logging.info('选择最老的快照：{}'.format(SnapshotSet[0].SnapshotId)+' 创建时间：{}'.format(SnapshotSet[0].CreatedTime))return SnapshotSet[0].SnapshotIddef delete_snapshot(client:lighthouse_client.LighthouseClient,snapshot_id:str):try:logging.info('删除快照：{}'.format(snapshot_id))req=models.DeleteSnapshotsRequest()params={'SnapshotIds':[snapshot_id],}req.from_json_string(json.dumps(params))resp=client.DeleteSnapshots(req)logging.debug(resp.to_json_string())except TencentCloudSDKException as err:logging.error('删除快照失败')logging.error(err)def create_snapshot(client:lighthouse_client.LighthouseClient,snapshot_list,server_id:str):try:logging.info('新建快照')SnapshotName="Snapshot-"+str(time.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S", time.localtime()))while SnapshotName in [i.SnapshotName for i in snapshot_list.SnapshotSet]:SnapshotName="Snapshot-"+str(time.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S", time.localtime()))logging.info('新建快照：'+' 名称：{}'.format(SnapshotName))req=models.CreateInstanceSnapshotRequest()params={"InstanceId":server_id,"SnapshotName":SnapshotName}req.from_json_string(json.dumps(params))resp=client.CreateInstanceSnapshot(req)logging.debug(resp.to_json_string())logging.info('新建快照成功')except TencentCloudSDKException as err:logging.error('新建快照失败')logging.error(err)def main():args = parse()if args.mode == 'debug':logging_level = logging.DEBUGelse:logging_level = logging.INFOlogging.basicConfig(level=logging_level,format='%(levelname)s:%(asctime)s  %(message)s',datefmt='%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S')if args.snapshot_mode=='delete':logging.info('删除模式：仅作删除快照操作')snapshot_list,client=get_snapshot_list(args.id,args.key)if snapshot_list is None:return elif snapshot_list.TotalCount==0:logging.info('无快照，无法删除')returnelse:SnapshotId=choose_snapshot(snapshot_list)delete_snapshot(client,SnapshotId)returnelif args.snapshot_mode=='create':logging.info('新建模式：仅作新建快照操作')snapshot_list,client=get_snapshot_list(args.id,args.key)if snapshot_list is None:return else:create_snapshot(client,snapshot_list,args.server_id)returnsnapshot_list,client=get_snapshot_list(args.id,args.key)if snapshot_list is None:return elif snapshot_list.TotalCount==0:logging.info('无快照，新建快照')create_snapshot(client,snapshot_list,args.server_id)else:logging.info('列表中快照数量：{}'.format(snapshot_list.TotalCount))SnapshotId=choose_snapshot(snapshot_list)delete_snapshot(client,SnapshotId)snapshot_list,client=get_snapshot_list(args.id,args.key)create_snapshot(client,snapshot_list,args.server_id)if __name__ == '__main__':main()

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