Python实现快速扫描目标主机的开放端口和服务

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《Python实现快速扫描目标主机的开放端口和服务》这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了如何使用Python编写一个功能强大的端口扫描器脚本,实现快速扫描目标主机的开放端口和服务,感兴趣的小伙伴可以了解下...

功能介绍

这是一个功能强大的端口扫描器脚本，能够快速扫描目标主机的开放端口和服务。该脚本具备以下核心功能：

多种扫描模式：支持TCP连接扫描、SYN扫描、UDP扫描等多种扫描方式
端口范围自定义：支持扫描单个端口、端口范围或常见端口列表
服务识别：识别常见端口对应的服务类型和版本信息
并发扫描：使用多线程技术提高扫描效率
详细报告生成：生成详细的扫描报告，包括开放端口、服务信息、响应时间等
结果导出：支持将扫描结果导出为jsON、CSV、XML等多种格式
灵活配置：支持自定义超时时间、并发线程数、扫描延迟等参数
安全防护：内置扫描速率限制，避免对目标系统造成过大压力

场景应用

1. 网络安全审计

识别网络设备和服务器的开放端口
发现潜在的安全漏洞和未授权服务
验证防火墙规则的有效性
为渗透测试提供基础信息

2. 系统管理维护

检查服务器端口配置是否符合安全策略
确认服务是否正常运行在指定端口
排查网络连接问题
监控端口变化情况

3. 网络故障排查

诊断网络连通性问题
确定服务是否可达
分析端口阻塞原因
验证网络设备状态

4. 合规性检查

满足等保测评中的端口检查要求
符合行业安全规范
提供合规性审计证据
支持安全管理制度落实

报错处理

1. 网络连接异常

try:
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    sock.settimeout(timeout)
    result = sock.connect_ex((host, port))
    sock.close()
except socket.gaierror:
    logger.error(f"无法解析主机名: {host}")
except socket.timeout:
    logger.warning(f"连接 {host}:{port} 超时")
except ConnectionRefusedError:
    logger.info(f"端口 {port} 被拒绝连接")
except PermissionError:
    logger.error(f"无权限扫描端口 {port}，可能需要管理员权限")

2. 参数验证错误

if not is_valid_ip(target):
    raise ValueError(f"无效的IP地址: {target}")

if port < 1 or port > 65535:
    raise ValueError(f"端口号超出有效范围: {port}")

3. 文件操作异常

try:
    with open(output_file, 'w') as f:
        json.dump(scan_results, f, indent=2)
except PermissionError:
    logger.error(f"无权限写入文件: {output_file}")
except IOError as e:
    logger.error(f"文件写入错误: {str(e)}")

4. 内存不足异常

try:
    # 大规模扫描时的内存管理
    if len(ports) > 10000:
        logger.warning("扫描端口数量过多，可能消耗大量内存")
except MemoryError:
    logger.error("内存不足，无法完成扫描")
    sys.exit(1)

代码实现

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- candroidoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
端口扫描器
功能：扫描目标主机的开放端口和服务
作者：Cline
版本：1.0
"""

import socket
import argparse
import sys
import json
import csv
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from datetime import datetime
import threading
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
import time
import logging
import ipaddress

# 配置日志
logging.basicConfig(
    level=logging.INFO,
    format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',
    handlers=[
        logging.FileHandler('port_scanner.log'),
        logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
    ]
)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# 常见端口和服务映射
COMMON_PORTS = {
    21: 'FTP',
    22: 'SSH',
    23: 'Telnet',
    25: 'SMTP',
    53: 'DNS',
    80: 'HTTP',
    110: 'POP3',
    143: 'IMAP',
    443: 'HTTPS',
    993: 'IMAPS',
    995: 'POP3S',
    1433: 'mssql',
    1521: 'oracle',
    3306: 'mysql',
    3389: 'RDP',
    5432: 'PostgreSQL',
    6379: 'Redis',
    8080: 'HTTP-Alt',
    8443: 'HTTPS-Alt',
    27017: 'MongoDB'
}

class PortScanner:
    def __init__(self, config):
        self.target = config['target']
        self.ports = config['ports']
        self.scan_type = config.get('scan_type', 'tcp')  # tcp, syn, udp
        self.timeout = config.get('timeout', 1.0)
        self.threads = config.get('threads', 100)
        self.delay = config.get('delay', 0)  # 扫描延迟（毫秒）
        self.output_format = config.get('output_format', 'json')
        self.output_file = config.get('output_file', 'scan_results.json')
        self.verbose = config.get('verbose', False)
        
        # 扫描结果
        self.results = {
            'target': self.target,
            'scan_time': datetime.now().isoformat(),
            'scan_type': self.scan_type,
            'open_ports': [],
            'closed_ports': [],
            'filteredRsMsiJYhdo_ports': []
        }
        
    def is_valid_ip(self, ip):
        """验证IP地址格式"""
        try:
            ipaddress.ip_address(ip)
            return True
        except ValueError:
            return False
            
    def resolve_hostname(self, hostname):
        """解析主机名到IP地址"""
        try:
            ip = socket.gethostbyname(hostname)
            return ip
        except socket.gaierror:
            logger.error(f"无法解析主机名: {hostname}")
            return None
            
    def scan_port(self, port):
        """扫描单个端口"""
        host = self.target
        if not self.is_valid_ip(host):
            host = self.resolve_hostname(host)
            if not host:
                return None
                
        # 添加扫描延迟
        if self.delay > 0:
            time.sleep(self.delay / 1000.0)
            
        try:
            if self.scan_type == 'tcp':
                return self.tcp_connect_scan(host, port)
            elif self.scan_type == 'syn':
                return self.syn_scan(host, port)
            elif self.scan_type == 'udp':
                return self.udp_scan(host, port)
            else:
                logger.error(f"不支持的扫描类型: {self.scan_type}")
                return None
                
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"扫描端口 {port} 时发生错误: {str(e)}")
            return None
            
    def tcp_connect_scan(self, host, port):
        """TCP连接扫描"""
        try:
            sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
            sock.settimeout(self.timeout)
            
            start_time = time.time()
            result = sock.connect_ex((host, port))
            end_time = time.time()
            
            response_time = round((end_time - start_time) * 1000, 2)  # 毫秒
            sock.close()
            
            service = COMMON_PORTS.get(port, 'Unknown')
            
            if result == 0:
                # 端口开放，尝试获取服务banner
                banner = self.get_service_banner(host, port)
                return {
                    'port': port,
                    'state': 'open',
                    'service': service,
                    'response_time': response_time,
                    'banner': banner
                }
            else:
                return {
                    'port': port,
                    'state': 'closed',
                    'service': service,
                    'response_time': response_time
                }
                
        except socket.timeout:
            return {
                'port': port,
                'state': 'filtered',
                'service': COMMON_PORTS.get(port, 'Unknown'),
                'response_time': self.timeout * 1000
            }
        except Exception as e:
            logger.debug(f"TCP扫描端口 {port} 时发生错误: {str(e)}")
            return {
                'port': port,
           www.chinasem.cn     'state': 'unknown',
                'service': COMMON_PORTS.get(port, 'Unknown')
            }
            
    def syn_scan(self, host, port):
        """SYN扫描（需要root权限）"""
        try:
            # 这里简化实现，实际SYN扫描需要使用原始套接字
            logger.warning("SYN扫描需要root权限，降级为TCP连接扫描")
            return self.tcp_connect_scan(host, port)
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"SYN扫描端口 {port} 时发生错误: {str(e)}")
            return None
            
    def udp_scan(self, host, port):
        """UDP扫描"""
        try:
            sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
            sock.settimeout(self.timeout)
            
            # 发送空数据包
            sock.sendto(b'', (host, port))
            
            try:
                # 尝试接收响应
                data, addr = sock.recvfrom(1024)
                sock.close()
                
                service = COMMON_PORTS.get(port, 'Unknown')
                banner = data.decode('utf-8', errors='ignore')[:100]
                
                return {
                    'port': port,
                    'state': 'open',
                    'service': service,
                    'banner': banner
                }
            except socket.timeout:
                # UDP端口可能开放但无响应
                sock.close()
                return {
                    'port': port,
                    'state': 'open|filtered',
                    'service': COMMON_PORTS.get(port, 'Unknown')
                }
                
        except Exception as e:
            logger.debug(f"UDP扫描端口 {port} 时发生错误: {str(e)}")
            return {
                'port': port,
                'state': 'closed',
                'service': COMMON_PORTS.get(port, 'Unknown')
            }
            
    def get_service_banner(self, host, port):
        """获取服务banner信息"""
        try:
            sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
            sock.settimeout(2.0)
            sock.connect((host, port))
            
            # 发送简单的探测数据
            if port in [21, 22, 23, 25, 80, 110, 143]:
                sock.send(b'\r\n')
                
            # 接收响应
            banner = sock.recv(1024).decode('utf-8', errors='ignore')
            sock.close()
            
            # 清理banner信息
            banner = banner.strip().replace('\r\n', ' ').replace('\n', ' ')
            return banner[:200]  # 限制长度
            
        except Exception as e:
            logger.debug(f"获取端口 {port} 的banner时发生错误: {str(e)}")
            return ""
            
    def scan_ports(self):
        """扫描所有端口"""
        logger.info(f"开始扫描 {self.target} 的端口...")
        logger.info(f"扫描类型: {self.scan_type}, 超时时间: {self.timeout}s, 线程数: {self.threads}")
        
        start_time = time.time()
        
        with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=self.threads) as executor:
            # 提交所有扫描任务
            future_to_port = {
                executor.submit(self.scan_port, port): port 
                for port in self.ports
            }
            
            # 收集结果
            for future in as_completed(future_to_port):
                port = future_to_port[future]
                try:
                    result = future.result()
                    if result:
                        if result['state'] == 'open':
                            self.results['open_ports'].append(result)
                            if self.verbose:
                                logger.info(f"端口 {result['port']} ({result['service']}) 开放")
                        elif result['state'] == 'closed':
                            self.results['closed_ports'].append(result)
                        elif result['state'] in ['filtered', 'open|filtered']:
                            self.results['filtered_ports'].append(result)
                            
                except Exception as e:
                    logger.error(f"处理端口 {port} 的结果时出错: {str(e)}")
                    
        end_time = time.time()
        self.results['duration'] = round(end_time - start_time, 2)
        
        # 按端口号排序结果
        self.results['open_ports'].sort(key=lambda x: x['port'])
        self.results['closed_ports'].sort(key=lambda x: x['port'])
        self.results['filtered_ports'].sort(key=lambda x: x['port'])
        
        logger.info(f"扫描完成，耗时 {self.results['duration']} 秒")
        logger.info(f"开放端口: {len(self.results['open_ports'])}")
        logger.info(f"关闭端口: {len(self.results['closed_ports'])}")
        logger.info(f"过滤端口: {len(self.results['filtered_ports'])}")
        
        return self.results
        
    def print_results(self):
        """打印扫描结果"""
        print("\n" + "="*60)
        print(f"端口扫描报告 - 目标: {self.target}")
        print("="*60)
        print(f"扫描时间: {self.results['scan_time']}")
        print(f"扫描类型: {self.results['scan_type']}")
        print(f"扫描耗时: {self.results['duration']} 秒")
        print(f"开放端口: {len(self.results['open_ports'])}")
        print(f"关闭端口: {len(self.results['closed_ports'])}")
        print(f"过滤端口: {len(self.results['filtered_ports'])}")
        
        if self.results['open_ports']:
            prhttp://www.chinasem.cnint("\n开放端口详情:")
            print("-" * 80)
            print(f"{'端口':<8} {'服务':<15} {'响应时间(ms)':<15} {'Banner信息'}")
            print("-" * 80)
            for port_info in self.results['open_ports']:
                banner = port_info.get('banner', '')[:50] + ('...' if len(port_info.get('banner', '')) > 50 else '')
                print(f"{port_info['port']:<8} {port_info['service']:<15} {port_info['response_time']:<15} {banner}")
                
        if not self.results['open_ports']:
            print("\n未发现开放端口")
            
    def save_results(self):
        """保存扫描结果"""
        try:
            # 确保输出目录存在
            import os
            output_dir = os.path.dirname(self.output_file) if os.path.dirname(self.output_file) else '.'
            os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)
            
            if self.output_format == 'json':
                self._save_json()
            elif self.output_format == 'csv':
                self._save_csv()
            elif self.output_format == 'xml':
                self._save_xml()
            else:
                logger.error(f"不支持的输出格式: {self.output_format}")
                
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"保存扫描结果时出错: {str(e)}")
            
    def _save_json(self):
        """保存为JSON格式"""
        with open(self.output_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            json.dump(self.results, f, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)
        logger.info(f"扫描结果已保存到 {self.output_file}")
        
    def _save_csv(self):
        """保存为CSV格式"""
        all_ports = self.results['open_ports'] + self.results['closed_ports'] + self.results['filtered_ports']
        
        with open(self.output_file, 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            writer = csv.writer(f)
            writer.writerow(['Port', 'State', 'Service', 'Response Time (ms)', 'Banner'])
            
            for port_info in all_ports:
                writer.writerow([
                    port_info['port'],
                    port_info['state'],
                    port_info['service'],
                    port_info.get('response_time', ''),
                    port_info.get('banner', '')
                ])
        logger.info(f"扫描结果已保存到 {self.output_file}")
        
    def _save_xml(self):
        """保存为XML格式"""
        root = ET.Element("port_scan")
        root.set("target", self.target)
        root.set("scan_time", self.results['scan_time'])
        root.set("duration", str(self.results['duration']))
        
        # 添加开放端口
        open_ports_elem = ET.SubElement(root, "open_ports")
        for port_info in self.results['open_ports']:
            port_elem = ET.SubElement(open_ports_elem, "port")
            port_elem.set("number", str(port_info['port']))
            port_elem.set("service", port_info['service'])
            port_elem.set("response_time", str(port_info.get('response_time', '')))
            if port_info.get('banner'):
                banner_elem = ET.SubElement(port_elem, "banner")
                banner_elem.text = port_info['banner']
                
        tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
        tree.write(self.output_file, encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)
        logger.info(f"扫描结果已保存到 {self.output_file}")

def parse_ports(port_str):
    """解析端口参数"""
    ports = set()
    
    # 处理逗号分隔的端口列表
    for part in port_str.split(','):
        part = part.strip()
        if '-' in part:
            # 处理端口范围
            try:
                start, end = map(int, part.split('-'))
                if 1 <= start <= 65535 and 1 <= end <= 65535 and start <= end:
                    ports.update(range(start, end + 1))
                else:
                    raise ValueError(f"无效的端口范围: {part}")
            except ValueError as e:
                logger.error(f"解析端口范围时出错: {str(e)}")
                sys.exit(1)
        else:
            # 处理单个端口
            try:
                port = int(part)
                if 1 <= port <= 65535:
                    ports.add(port)
                else:
                    raise ValueError(f"端口号超出有效范围: {port}")
            except ValueError as e:
                logger.error(f"解析端口时出错: {str(e)}")
                sys.exit(1)
                
    return sorted(list(ports))

def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='端口扫描器')
    parser.add_argument('target', help='目标主机IP地址或域名')
    parser.add_argument('-p', '--ports', default='1-1000', help='要扫描的端口，支持范围(如1-1000)和列表(如22,80,443)')
    parser.add_argument('-t', '--type', choices=['tcp', 'syn', 'udp'], default='tcp', help='扫描类型')
    parser.add_argument('--timeout', type=float, default=1.0, help='连接超时时间(秒)')
    parser.add_argument('--threads', type=int, default=100, help='并发线程数')
    parser.add_argument('--delay', type=int, default=0, help='扫描延迟(毫秒)')
    parser.add_argument('-o', '--output', help='输出文件路径')
    parser.add_argument('-f', '--format', choices=['json', 'csv', 'xml'], default='json', help='输出格式')
    parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', action='store_true', help='详细输出')
    parser.add_argument('--top-ports', type=int, help='扫描最常见的N个端口')
    
    args = parser.parse_args()
    
    # 解析端口
    if args.top_ports:
        # 使用最常见的端口
        common_ports = sorted(COMMON_PORTS.keys())[:args.top_ports]
        ports = common_ports
    else:
        ports = parse_ports(args.ports)
        
    # 配置输出文件
    output_file = args.output
    if not output_file:
        timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
        output_file = f"scan_results_{timestamp}.{args.format}"
        
    # 配置扫描参数
    config = {
        'target': args.target,
        'ports': ports,
        'scan_type': args.type,
        'timeout': args.timeout,
        'threads': args.threads,
        'delay': args.delay,
        'output_format': args.format,
        'output_file': output_file,
        'verbose': args.verbose
    }
    
    # 创建扫描器实例
    scanner = PortScanner(config)
    
    # 执行扫描
    try:
        scanner.scan_ports()
        scanner.print_results()
        scanner.save_results()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        logger.info("扫描被用户中断")
        sys.exit(1)
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"扫描过程中发生错误: {str(e)}")
        sys.exit(1)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

使用说明

1. 基本使用

# 扫描单个主机的默认端口范围(1-1000)
python port_scanner.py 192.168.1.1

# 扫描特定端口
python port_scanner.py 192.168.1.1 -p 22,80,443

# 扫描端口范围
python port_scanner.py 192.168.1.1 -p 1-10000

# 扫描最常见的100个端口
python port_scanner.py 192.168.1.1 --top-ports 100

2. 扫描类型

# TCP连接扫描（默认）
python port_scanner.py 192.168.1.1 -t tcp

# UDP扫描
python port_scanner.py 192.168.1.1 -t udp

# SYN扫描（需要root权限）
sudo python port_scanner.py 192.168.1.1 -t syn

3. 性能调优

# 调整超时时间
python port_scanner.py 192.168.1.1 --timeout 2.0

# 调整并发线程数
python port_scanner.py 192.168.1.1 --threads 200

# 添加扫描延迟（毫秒）
python port_scanner.py 192.168.1.1 --delay 100

4. 输出格式

# JSON格式输出（默认）
python port_scanner.py 192.168.1.1 -o results.json

# CSV格式输出
python port_scanner.py 192.168.1.1 -f csv -o results.csv

# XML格式输出
python port_scanner.py 192.168.1.1 -f xml -o results.xml

5. 详细输出

# 显示详细扫描过程
python port_scanner.py 192.168.1.1 -v

高级特性

1. 批量扫描

可以通过脚本扩展实现批量扫描多个主机：

targets = ['192.168.1.1', '192.168.1.2', '192.168.1.3']
for target in targets:
    config = {'target': target, 'ports': [22, 80, 443]}
    scanner = PortScanner(config)
    scanner.scan_ports()
    scanner.save_results()

2. 定期扫描

可以结合cron定时任务实现定期扫描：

# 每小时扫描一次关键服务器
0 * * * * /usr/bin/python3 /path/to/port_scanner.py 192.168.1.1 -p 22,80,443 -o /var/log/scan_$(date +\%Y\%m\%d_\%H\%M\%S).json

3. 结果分析

扫描结果可以用于进一步分析：

import json

# 加载扫描结果
with open('scan_results.json', 'r') as f:
    results = json.load(f)

# 分析开放端口
open_ports = results['open_ports']
for port in open_ports:
    print(f"发现开放端口: {port['port']} ({port['service']})")