【leetcode面试经典150题】34.有效的数独（C++）

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【leetcode面试经典150题】专栏系列将为准备暑期实习生以及秋招的同学们提高在面试时的经典面试算法题的思路和想法。本专栏将以一题多解和精简算法思路为主，题解使用C++语言。（若有使用其他语言的同学也可了解题解思路，本质上语法内容一致）

【题目描述】

请你判断一个 9 x 9 的数独是否有效。只需要 根据以下规则 ，验证已经填入的数字是否有效即可。

1. 数字 1-9 在每一行只能出现一次。
2. 数字 1-9 在每一列只能出现一次。
3. 数字 1-9 在每一个以粗实线分隔的 3x3 宫内只能出现一次。（请参考示例图）

注意：

• 一个有效的数独（部分已被填充）不一定是可解的。
• 只需要根据以上规则，验证已经填入的数字是否有效即可。
• 空白格用 '.' 表示。

【示例一】

输入：board = 
[["5","3",".",".","7",".",".",".","."]
,["6",".",".","1","9","5",".",".","."]
,[".","9","8",".",".",".",".","6","."]
,["8",".",".",".","6",".",".",".","3"]
,["4",".",".","8",".","3",".",".","1"]
,["7",".",".",".","2",".",".",".","6"]
,[".","6",".",".",".",".","2","8","."]
,[".",".",".","4","1","9",".",".","5"]
,[".",".",".",".","8",".",".","7","9"]]
输出：true

【示例二】

输入：board = 
[["8","3",".",".","7",".",".",".","."]
,["6",".",".","1","9","5",".",".","."]
,[".","9","8",".",".",".",".","6","."]
,["8",".",".",".","6",".",".",".","3"]
,["4",".",".","8",".","3",".",".","1"]
,["7",".",".",".","2",".",".",".","6"]
,[".","6",".",".",".",".","2","8","."]
,[".",".",".","4","1","9",".",".","5"]
,[".",".",".",".","8",".",".","7","9"]]
输出：false
解释：除了第一行的第一个数字从 5 改为 8 以外，空格内其他数字均与 示例1 相同。 但由于位于左上角的 3x3 宫内有两个 8 存在, 因此这个数独是无效的。

【提示及数据范围】

• board.length == 9
• board[i].length == 9
• board[i][j] 是一位数字（1-9）或者 '.'

【代码】

class Solution {
public:bool isValidSudoku(vector<vector<char>>& board) {int rows[9][9];int columns[9][9];int subboxes[3][3][9];memset(rows,0,sizeof(rows));memset(columns,0,sizeof(columns));memset(subboxes,0,sizeof(subboxes));for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {char c = board[i][j];if (c != '.') {int index = c - '0' - 1;rows[i][index]++;columns[j][index]++;subboxes[i / 3][j / 3][index]++;if (rows[i][index] > 1 || columns[j][index] > 1 || subboxes[i / 3][j / 3][index] > 1) {return false;}}}}return true;}
};

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