.Net6使用JWT认证和授权

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目的

.Net6使用JWT实现登录认证和授权
接口分三种类型：
1.游客模式：没有登录也可以访问的接口
2.用户模式：普通用户登录，可以访问的接口（登录即可访问）
3.管理模式：鉴定Token权限，拥有管理员资格的用户，才能访问

https://gitee.com/hgcjd/JWTDemoTest.git

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实现案例

一.项目所需包：

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二.配置项目 appsettings.json 文件：

配置jwt所需信息

{"Logging": {"LogLevel": {"Default": "Information","Microsoft.AspNetCore": "Warning"}},"AllowedHosts": "*","JwtTokenOptions": {"Issuer": "http://xxxx.com","Audience": "http://xxxx.com","SecurityKey": "qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm1234567890"}
}

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三.创建Model文件夹，添加AppConfig类和UserRole类

1.AppConfig类获取appsettings.json文件中的值

/// <summary>
/// 获取.NetCore配置文件信息
/// </summary>
public class AppConfig
{public static string GetConfigInfo(string Key){var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder().SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()).AddJsonFile("appsettings.json");IConfigurationRoot configuration = builder.Build();string configStr = configuration.GetSection($"{Key}").Value;if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(configStr)){return configStr;}return null;}}

2.UserRole类用于区分用户信息和权限

/// <summary>
/// 用户,权限
/// </summary>
public class UserRole
{//权限public int Role { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 用户名/// </summary>public string UserId { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 密码/// </summary>public string Password { get; set; }
}

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四.主体代码案例：

1.LoginController 控制器，实现用户登录，JWT授权

[Route("login")]
[ApiController]
public class LoginController : ControllerBase
{/// <summary>/// 用户列表/// </summary>private readonly static List<UserRole> _Users = new List<UserRole>(){new UserRole{ Role = 1,UserId = "administrator",Password = "123456" },   //管理员new UserRole{ Role = 0,UserId = "user",Password = "1"}   //普通用户};/// <summary>/// 管理权限配置/// </summary>private readonly static List<Claim> _administrator = new List<Claim>() {new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,"administrator"),new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role,"administrator"),new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role,"user"),};/// <summary>/// 普通用户权限配置/// </summary>private readonly static List<Claim> _user = new List<Claim>() {new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,"user"),new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role,"user"),};/// <summary>/// 用户登录接口/// </summary>/// <param name="userid"></param>/// <param name="password"></param>/// <returns></returns>[Route("login")][HttpPost]public string Login(string userid,string password){if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(userid) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(password)){var list = _Users.Where(e => e.UserId.ToString() == userid && e.Password == password).ToList();if (list != null && list.Count > 0){var userInfo = list[0];var claims = new List<Claim>();if (userInfo.Role == 1)claims = _administrator;//管理权限elseclaims = _user;//普通用户JwtSecurityToken token = new JwtSecurityToken(issuer:AppConfig.GetConfigInfo("JwtTokenOptions:Issuer"),audience: AppConfig.GetConfigInfo("JwtTokenOptions:Audience"),claims: claims,expires: DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(5),signingCredentials: new SigningCredentials(new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(AppConfig.GetConfigInfo("JwtTokenOptions:SecurityKey"))), SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256)); string tokenStr = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token);return tokenStr;}}return null;}
}

2.HomeController 控制器，无需登录，游客模式也能访问

/// <summary>
/// 公共接口，游客也可以访问
/// </summary>
[Route("Home")]
[ApiController]
public class HomeController : ControllerBase
{[Route("Hello")][HttpGet]public async Task<string> HelloAction(){return "Hello People~";}
}

3.UserRoleController 控制器，用户登录之后可以访问

通过 [Authorize]属性实现，该属性也可以放在单个接口上，使单个接口需要权限认证

/// <summary>
/// 登录后，用户权限是User的才能访问
/// </summary>
[Route("UserRole")]
[ApiController]
//[Authorize(Roles ="user")]
[Authorize]
public class UserRoleController : ControllerBase
{[Route("Hello")][HttpGet]public async Task<string> HelloUser(){return "Hello User~";}
}

4.AdminController 控制器，管理员权限登录之后可以访问

通过 [Authorize(Roles = “administrator”)]实现，Roles 标注需要的权限类型，该属性也可以放在接口上

/// <summary>
/// 管理员登录，才能访问
/// </summary>
[Route("AdminRole")]
[ApiController]
[Authorize(Roles = "administrator")]
public class AdminController : ControllerBase
{[Route("Hello")][HttpGet]public async Task<string> HelloAdmin(){return "Hello Administrator~";}
}

5.在Program中注册JWT，swagge添加Jwt入口

using JwtDemoTest.Model;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using Microsoft.OpenApi.Models;
using System.Text;var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);// Add services to the container.builder.Services.AddControllers();
// Learn more about configuring Swagger/OpenAPI at https://aka.ms/aspnetcore/swashbuckle
builder.Services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer();
builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen();#region 注册Jwt认证
builder.Services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme).AddJwtBearer("Bearer", o =>
{o.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters{ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,//是否验证签名,不验证的画可以篡改数据，不安全IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(AppConfig.GetConfigInfo("JwtTokenOptions:SecurityKey"))),//解密的密钥ValidateIssuer = true,//是否验证发行人，就是验证载荷中的Iss是否对应ValidIssuer参数ValidIssuer = AppConfig.GetConfigInfo("JwtTokenOptions:Issuer"),//发行人,ValidateAudience = true,//是否验证订阅人，就是验证载荷中的Aud是否对应ValidAudience参数ValidAudience = AppConfig.GetConfigInfo("JwtTokenOptions:Audience")//订阅人       };
});
builder.Services.AddAuthorization();
#endregion#region swagge添加Jwt认证
builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen(c =>
{c.SwaggerDoc("v1", new OpenApiInfo { Title = "My WebApi JwtDemoTest", Version = "v1" });// 定义安全定义c.AddSecurityDefinition("Bearer", new OpenApiSecurityScheme{Description = "JWT Authorization header using the Bearer scheme",Name = "Authorization",In = ParameterLocation.Header,Type = SecuritySchemeType.ApiKey,Scheme = "Bearer"});// 添加认证要求c.AddSecurityRequirement(new OpenApiSecurityRequirement{{new OpenApiSecurityScheme{Reference = new OpenApiReference{Type = ReferenceType.SecurityScheme,Id = "Bearer"}},Array.Empty<string>()}});
});
#endregionvar app = builder.Build();app.UseAuthentication();// Configure the HTTP request pipeline.
if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{app.UseSwagger();app.UseSwaggerUI();
}app.UseAuthorization();app.MapControllers();app.Run();

五.项目运行

1.游客模式：

项目未登录，也可访问Home/Hello接口

2.普通用户模式：

普通用户登录获取Token，然后调用接口访问成功
首先调用login/login接口，获取普通用户权限token

接口携带token

携带普通用户登录后的token之后，访问 userrole/hello 接口成功

3.接着使用管理员账户登录，访问admin/hello

结果

.Net6 JWT搭建认证，授权，鉴权成功

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