easypoi 语法_高中语法精讲系列六丨高中英语八大语法之“定语从句”要点归纳...

在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句；被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引出定语从句的关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as

关系副词：when, where, why

1.关系代词与关系副词的选择

(1)用关系代词还是关系副词主要看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分。作主语或宾语时用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。

The building which stands near the river is our school. (关系词在定语从句中作主语。)

(2)先行词是case，point，position，situation，stage，state等有地点含义的抽象名词，用关系副词where。

You have reached the point where a change is needed.

2. 限制性与非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句不用逗号与主句隔开；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句分开，常用who, whom, which, whose引导。

Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook.

3. 定语从句中只能用关系代词that的情况

(1)不定代词(all, none, everybody, something, anything, nothing, everything)作先行词，或先行词被any, all, no, every等修饰。

Do you have anything (that) you want to declare?

(2)先行词中有the very, the only。

He is the very student (that) I want to find.

(3)先行词既有人又有物

They are talking about the people and the things that they remembered.

(4)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。

The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.

This is the most exciting film (that) I have seen.

4. 关系代词as用法

(1) 在限制性定语从句中，先行词被the same, such, as, so修饰时，as充当关系代词,在从句中作主语或宾语，不能省略。

I’ll buy the same clothes as you bought yesterday.

(2) 在非限制定语从句中，as和which一样可以指代主句整句话的内容。

As is well-known, China is rich in natural resources.

He failed in the exam, which proved that he wasn’t working hard enough.

二者区别在于：

① which不能放在句首，as可以在句首、句中和句尾。

② as可译为“正如”，放在句首，常见于as you can see, as has been mentioned above, as we know等结构。

5. 介词+关系代词

(1)在“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人) ，即“介词+which/whom”。

The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.

The little girl is reading a book, in which there are many cartoons.

(2)通常介词既可以放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen to等。

This is the pen that / which you are looking for.

请翻译下面的句子。翻译准确的同学有机会获得赠书哦！赠书为“世纪外教·名师指导高考英语专项训练系列丛书”中的一本。

众所周知，不遵守交通规则的人迟早将受到惩罚。(As)

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高考英语口试专项训练

高考英语听力专项训练(修订版)

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高考英语词汇专项训练

高考英语语法专项训练

高考英语阅读专项训练(修订版)

高考英语翻译专项训练(修订版)

高考英语概要写作专项训练

高考英语写作专项训练(修订版)

高考英语新题型专项训练(修订版)

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