Ubuntu22.04 安装Annaconda步骤、conda基础使用和pycharm使用anaconda

概述

提示：根据用户Ubuntu系统版本存在差异，对比着阅读。
官方软件下载仓库网站：
https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/

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前言

Anaconda简介：

Anaconda就是可以便捷获取包且对包能够进行管理，同时对环境可以统一管理的发行版本。Anaconda包含了conda、Python在内的超过180个科学包及其依赖项。

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提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面安装教程可供参考

一、下载Anaconda package

手动官网下载(不推荐)

Anaconda官网软件下载，无法找到对应链接。这个方法暂时不推荐。

curl下载安装包

STEP 1: Update system repositories

Press “CTRL+ALT+T” to open the terminal of your Ubuntu 22.04 and run the below-given command to update system repositories:

$ sudo apt update

STEP 2: Install curl package

In the next step, we will download the “curl” utility as it permits fetching the installation script of Anaconda:

$ sudo apt install curl -y

STEP 3: Prepare Anaconda Installer

Switch to the “/tmp” directly with the help of the “cd” command to make it your present working directory:

$ cd /tmp

After that, utilize the following “curl” command for downloading the Anaconda installer script. Also, make sure you download the latest version by firstly visiting their official site[首选最新的Anaconda3-2022.05-Linux-x86_64.sh]:

curl --output anaconda.sh https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/Anaconda3-2022.05-Linux-x86_64.sh

Then, match the “SHA-256” checksum of the downloaded Anaconda script with the code displayed on the official site:

~/tmp sha256sum anaconda.sh                                              
a7c0afe862f6ea19a596801fc138bde0463abcbce1b753e8d5c474b506a2db2d  anaconda.sh

STEP 4: Install Anaconda on Ubuntu 22.04

Till this point, we have fulfilled all prerequisites, and our Ubuntu 22.04 is all ready for the installation of Anaconda. To do so, run the downloaded Anaconda installer script:

$ bash anaconda.sh

Upon doing so, the Anaconda installation wizard will appear on the terminal; press “Enter” to continue:

bash anaconda.sh         Welcome to Anaconda3 2022.05In order to continue the installation process, please review the license
agreement.
Please, press ENTER to continue
>>> 

Carefully read the Anaconda End User License Agreement:

After reading the License agreement of Anaconda, type out “yes” to move ahead:

The following packages listed on https://www.anaconda.com/cryptography are included in the repository accessible 
through Anaconda Distribution that relate to cryptography.Last updated February 25, 2022Do you accept the license terms? [yes|no]
[no] >>> 
Please answer 'yes' or 'no':'
>>> yesAnaconda3 will now be installed into this location:
/home/xxxx/anaconda3- Press ENTER to confirm the location- Press CTRL-C to abort the installation- Or specify a different location below

Specify the directory location of your Ubuntu 22.04 system where you want to save the files related to the Anaconda installation. In our case, we have selected the “/home/xxxx/anaconda3” directory(直接回车键):

Anaconda3 will now be installed into this location:
/home/xxx/anaconda3- Press ENTER to confirm the location- Press CTRL-C to abort the installation- Or specify a different location below[/home/xxxx/anaconda3] >>> 

Wait for a few minutes as the Anaconda installation will take some time to complete:

Preparing transaction: done
Executing transaction: | Installed package of scikit-learn can be accelerated using scikit-learn-intelex.More details are available here: https://intel.github.io/scikit-learn-intelexFor example:$ conda install scikit-learn-intelex$ python -m sklearnex my_application.pydone
installation finished.
Do you wish the installer to initialize Anaconda3
by running conda init? [yes|no]
[no] >>> yes
no change     /home/xxxx/anaconda3/condabin/conda
no change     /home/xxxx/anaconda3/bin/conda
no change     /home/xxxx/anaconda3/bin/conda-env
no change     /home/xxxx/anaconda3/bin/activate
no change     /home/xxxx/anaconda3/bin/deactivate
no change     /home/xxxx/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
no change     /home/xxxx/anaconda3/etc/fish/conf.d/conda.fish
no change     /home/xxxx/anaconda3/shell/condabin/Conda.psm1
no change     /home/xxxx/anaconda3/shell/condabin/conda-hook.ps1
no change     /home/xxxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/xontrib/conda.xsh
no change     /home/xxxx/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.csh
modified      /home/xxxx/.zshrc

The below-given output signifies that we have successfully installed Anaconda on Ubuntu 22.04:

==> For changes to take effect, close and re-open your current shell. <==If you'd prefer that conda's base environment not be activated on startup, set the auto_activate_base parameter to false: conda config --set auto_activate_base falseThank you for installing Anaconda3!===========================================================================Working with Python and Jupyter is a breeze in DataSpell. It is an IDE
designed for exploratory data analysis and ML. Get better data insights
with DataSpell.DataSpell for Anaconda is available at: https://www.anaconda.com/dataspell

PS:

For changes to take effect, close and re-open your current shell.
关闭当前命令行，并重新打开，刚刚安装和初始化Anaconda设置才可以生效。

重新打开一个命令行(terminal)直接就进入了conda的base环境，如下：

(bash)/home/xxxx:$ 

If you'd prefer that conda's base environment not be activated on startup, set the auto_activate_base parameter to false:
如果您希望 conda 的基础环境在启动时不被激活，请将 auto_activate_base 参数设置为 false

设置命令如下：

conda config --set auto_activate_base false

当然以上的一条命令执行完毕后，依旧需要重启一下命令行才能生效。想要再次进入conda的base基础环境，只需要使用对应的conda指令即可。
命令如下：

conda activate base

STEP 5: Activate the Environment settings

After installing Anaconda, the next step is to activate the added environment settings in the “.bashrc or .zshrc” file by executing the following command:
使用默认shell:

# 默认是bash配置文件
$ source ~/.bashrc

使用zsh:

# 如果更换成了zsh配置文件
$ source ~/.zshrc

STEP 6: Verify the Anaconda installation

Lastly, execute the below-given “conda” command to verify if Anaconda is working on your Ubuntu 22.04 system:

$ conda listpackages in environment at /home/xxxx/anaconda3:
#
# Name                    Version                   Build  Channel
_ipyw_jlab_nb_ext_conf    0.1.0            py39h06a4308_1  
_libgcc_mutex             0.1                        main  
_openmp_mutex             4.5                       1_gnu  
aiohttp                   3.8.1            py39h7f8727e_1  
aiosignal                 1.2.0              pyhd3eb1b0_0  
alabaster                 0.7.12             pyhd3eb1b0_0  
anaconda                  2022.05                  py39_0  
anaconda-client           1.9.0            py39h06a4308_0  
anaconda-navigator        2.1.4            py39h06a4308_0  
anaconda-project          0.10.2             pyhd3eb1b0_0  
anyio                     3.5.0            py39h06a4308_0  
appdirs                   1.4.4              pyhd3eb1b0_0  
argon2-cffi               21.3.0             pyhd3eb1b0_0  
argon2-cffi-bindings      21.2.0           py39h7f8727e_0  
arrow                     1.2.2              pyhd3eb1b0_0  
astroid                   2.6.6            py39h06a4308_0  
astropy                   5.0.4            py39hce1f21e_0  
asttokens                 2.0.5              pyhd3eb1b0_0  

Or check out the installed version of Anaconda by typing out “conda” command with the “–version” option:

$ conda --version

As you can see from the given output, we have “conda 4.5.11” installed on our Ubuntu 22.04:

(base) conda --version                       
conda 4.12.0

How to remove Anaconda from Ubuntu 22.04

In the terminal, you can write out the following command to remove Anaconda from your system:

$ rm -rf ~/anaconda3

We have provided the basic method to install Anaconda on Ubuntu 22.04. After installation, you can explore this platform as required.

Conclusion

To install Anaconda in Ubuntu 22.04, download the Anaconda installer file with the “$ curl –output anaconda.sh https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/Anaconda3-5.3.1-Linux-x86_64.sh” command, then install the “bash anaconda.sh” script and verify using “conda list” or “conda –version” commands. This write-up discussed the procedure of installing Anaconda on Ubuntu 22.04. Give it a try and step into the world of data science learning.

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二、conda的基础使用

1.环境管理

代码如下（示例）：

# 1.查看conda的版本号
conda --version
# 2.查看虚拟环境列表
conda info --envs
# 3.创建虚拟环境并指定python的版本号为3.8
conda create -n virtualname pip python=3.9
# 4.激活虚拟环境
conda activate virtualname
# 5.退出虚拟环境
conda deactivate
# 6.删除虚拟环境
conda remove --name virtualname --all

2.包管理

代码如下（示例）：

# 1.安装包
conda install PackageName
# 2.安装多个包
conda install name1 name2 ...
# 3.安装包并指定版本号
conda install PackageName=版本号
# 4.卸载包
conda remove PackageName
# 5.更新包
conda update PackageName
# 6.更新环境中的所有包
conda update --all
# 7.列出已安装的包
conda list
# 8.搜寻包
conda search PackageName

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三、pycharm使用anaconda环境

STEP 1: 创建新的环境

conda create --name <env_name> <package_names>

<env_name> 即创建的环境名。建议以英文命名，且不加空格，名称两边不加尖括号“<>”。
<package_names> 即安装在环境中的包名。名称两边不加尖括号“<>”。

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① 如果要安装指定的版本号，则只需要在包名后面以 python=3.9 和版本号的形式执行。
如： conda create --name python2 python=2.7，即创建一个名为“pytorch”的环境，环境中安装版本为2.7的python。
② 如果要在新创建的环境中创建多个包，则直接在 <package_names> 后以空格隔开，添加多个包名即可。
如： conda create -n python3 python=3.5 numpy pandas ，即创建一个名为“pytorch”的环境，环境中安装版本为3.5的python，同时也安装了numpy和pandas库。
--name 同样可以替换为 -n 。

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在命令行中输入下列指令创建虚拟环境:

conda create -n pytorch1.12  python==3.9

其中 pytorch为本次创建的虚拟环境的名称，1.12为创建的pytorch虚拟环境的版本：

Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: failed with repodata from current_repodata.json, will retry with next repodata source.
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done==> WARNING: A newer version of conda exists. <==current version: 4.12.0latest version: 22.9.0Please update conda by running$ conda update -n base -c defaults conda## Package Plan ##environment location: /home/xxxx/anaconda3/envs/pytorchadded / updated specs:- numpy- python==3.9The following packages will be downloaded:package                    |            build---------------------------|-----------------_openmp_mutex-5.1          |            1_gnu          21 KBca-certificates-2022.07.19 |       h06a4308_0         124 KBcertifi-2022.9.24          |   py39h06a4308_0         154 KBld_impl_linux-64-2.38      |       h1181459_1         654 KBlibgcc-ng-11.2.0           |       h1234567_1         5.3 MBlibgomp-11.2.0             |       h1234567_1         474 KBlibstdcxx-ng-11.2.0        |       h1234567_1         4.7 MBncurses-6.3                |       h5eee18b_3         781 KBnumpy-1.23.1               |   py39h6c91a56_0          11 KBnumpy-base-1.23.1          |   py39ha15fc14_0         5.6 MBopenssl-1.1.1q             |       h7f8727e_0         2.5 MBpip-22.2.2                 |   py39h06a4308_0         2.3 MBpython-3.9.0               |       hdb3f193_2        18.1 MBsetuptools-63.4.1          |   py39h06a4308_0         1.1 MBsqlite-3.39.3              |       h5082296_0         1.1 MBtk-8.6.12                  |       h1ccaba5_0         3.0 MBtzdata-2022c               |       h04d1e81_0         107 KBxz-5.2.6                   |       h5eee18b_0         394 KBzlib-1.2.12                |       h5eee18b_3         103 KB------------------------------------------------------------Total:        46.5 MB
Proceed ([y]/n)? yDownloading and Extracting Packages
tzdata-2022c         | 107 KB    | ################################################################################################################################################################# | 100% 
numpy-base-1.23.1    | 5.6 MB    | ################################################################################################################################################################# | 100% 
zlib-1.2.12          | 103 KB    | ################################################################################################################################################################# | 100% 
_openmp_mutex-5.1    | 21 KB     | ################################################################################################################################################################# | 100% 
python-3.9.0         | 18.1 MB   | ################################################################################################################################################################# | 100% 
sqlite-3.39.3        | 1.1 MB    | ################################################################################################################################################################# | 100% 
libgcc-ng-11.2.0     | 5.3 MB    | ################################################################################################################################################################# | 100% 
pip-22.2.2           | 2.3 MB    | ################################################################################################################################################################# | 100% 
tk-8.6.12            | 3.0 MB    | ################################################################################################################################################################# | 100% 
ncurses-6.3          | 781 KB    | ################################################################################################################################################################# | 100% 
xz-5.2.6             | 394 KB    | ################################################################################################################################################################# | 100% 
numpy-1.23.1         | 11 KB     | ################################################################################################################################################################# | 100% 
libstdcxx-ng-11.2.0  | 4.7 MB    | ################################################################################################################################################################# | 100% 
libgomp-11.2.0       | 474 KB    | ################################################################################################################################################################# | 100% 
setuptools-63.4.1    | 1.1 MB    | ################################################################################################################################################################# | 100% 
ld_impl_linux-64-2.3 | 654 KB    | ################################################################################################################################################################# | 100% 
ca-certificates-2022 | 124 KB    | ################################################################################################################################################################# | 100% 
certifi-2022.9.24    | 154 KB    | ################################################################################################################################################################# | 100% 
openssl-1.1.1q       | 2.5 MB    | ################################################################################################################################################################# | 100% 
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
#     $ conda activate pytorch
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
#     $ conda deactivate

STEP 2: 安装结束之后输入下列指令激活虚拟环境

conda activate pytorch

创建完成后，在Anaconda的安装目录的envs文件夹下，会生成刚刚创建的虚拟环境名称的文件夹。

STEP 3: 设置pycharm

然后我们打开pycharm，选择对应的conda环境。

• 选择‘’Add new Interpreter”添加刚才建立的虚拟环境。
• 选择“conda environment”,点击“Interpreter”,填写“/home/xxxx/anaconda3/env/bin/python3.9”