java实现Itext7对PDF压缩及踩坑

前言

讲述使用此工具的前因后果，与第三方传送文件时，需要将文件转换为Base64，文件流转base64后，文件会变大很多，大约会变大33%左右，因为对方服务器网络限制文件大小不能太大，所以需要将过大的文件需要压缩，特此需要此功能。[转base64后变大具体原因](https://blog.csdn.net/JackieDYH/article/details/122558936)

1、maven依赖配置

这里使用的是maven依赖，并且使用的是Itext7全家桶，单独引用依赖比较多，这样比较方便

<!-- PDF操作,itext7全家桶 --><dependency><groupId>com.itextpdf</groupId><artifactId>itext7-core</artifactId><version>7.1.15</version><type>pom</type></dependency>

2、PdfUtil工具

具体代码实现

@Slf4j
public class PdfUtil {/*** 图像的乘法因子，调整该参数，控制图片压缩后的大小*/public static float FACTOR = 0.7f;/*** PDF压缩后转为base64* @param is  源文件输入流* @throws Exception 抛出异常*/public static String compress(InputStream is) throws Exception {PdfName key = new PdfName("ITXT_SpecialId");PdfName value = new PdfName("123456789");// 读取pdf文件PdfReader reader = new PdfReader(is);ByteArrayOutputStream swapStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();PdfDocument pdfDocument = new PdfDocument(reader,new PdfWriter(swapStream));long n = reader.getLastXref();PdfObject object;PdfStream stream;//查找图像并操作图像流for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {object = pdfDocument.getPdfObject(i);if (object == null || !object.isStream())continue;stream = (PdfStream) object;PdfObject pdfsubtype = stream.get(PdfName.Subtype);if (pdfsubtype != null && pdfsubtype.toString().equals(PdfName.Image.toString())) {PdfImageXObject image = new PdfImageXObject(stream);BufferedImage bi = image.getBufferedImage();if (bi == null) continue;int width = (int) (bi.getWidth() * FACTOR);int height = (int) (bi.getHeight() * FACTOR);BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);AffineTransform at = AffineTransform.getScaleInstance(FACTOR, FACTOR);Graphics2D g = img.createGraphics();g.drawRenderedImage(bi, at);ByteArrayOutputStream imgBytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream();//标记此处，后面会修改ImageIO.write(img, "JPG", imgBytes);stream.clear();stream.setData(imgBytes.toByteArray(), false);stream.put(PdfName.Type, PdfName.XObject);stream.put(PdfName.Subtype, PdfName.Image);stream.put(key, value);stream.put(PdfName.Filter, PdfName.DCTDecode);stream.put(PdfName.Width, new PdfNumber(width));stream.put(PdfName.Height, new PdfNumber(height));stream.put(PdfName.BitsPerComponent, new PdfNumber(8));stream.put(PdfName.ColorSpace, PdfName.DeviceRGB);}}//将数据写入到输出流中pdfDocument.close();reader.close();log.info("pdf压缩完成, 文件大小={}", swapStream.size());return new BASE64Encoder().encode(swapStream.toByteArray());}}

此工具使用过程中出现bug，进过翻看源码，找到具体原因，进行解决。

产生的问题

Exception in thread "main" com.itextpdf.io.IOException: The color depth 4 is not supported.at com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.xobject.ImagePdfBytesInfo.decodeTiffAndPngBytes(ImagePdfBytesInfo.java:91)at com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.xobject.PdfImageXObject.getImageBytes(PdfImageXObject.java:220)at com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.xobject.PdfImageXObject.getImageBytes(PdfImageXObject.java:198)at com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.xobject.PdfImageXObject.getBufferedImage(PdfImageXObject.java:188)at com.chintanneng.finance.util.PdfUtil.compress(PdfUtil.java:76)at com.chintanneng.finance.util.PdfUtil.main(PdfUtil.java:107)

通过报错，定位具体位置，ImagePdfBytesInfo该类方法decodeTiffAndPngBytes()

当pngColorType<0时，bpc != 8时，就会报错，bpc赋值过程，该方法压缩时，不支持BitsPerComponent=4的图片，这个是图片的位图为4的，PDF中存在位图为4的图片。

public ImagePdfBytesInfo(PdfImageXObject imageXObject) {pngColorType = -1;bpc = imageXObject.getPdfObject().getAsNumber(PdfName.BitsPerComponent).intValue();pngBitDepth = bpc;palette = null;icc = null;stride = 0;width = (int) imageXObject.getWidth();height = (int) imageXObject.getHeight();colorspace = imageXObject.getPdfObject().get(PdfName.ColorSpace);decode = imageXObject.getPdfObject().getAsArray(PdfName.Decode);findColorspace(colorspace, true);}

3、具体解决方法，代码实现如下

public static String compress(InputStream is) throws Exception {PdfName key = new PdfName("ITXT_SpecialId");PdfName value = new PdfName("123456789");// 读取pdf文件PdfReader reader = new PdfReader(is);ByteArrayOutputStream swapStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();PdfDocument pdfDocument = new PdfDocument(reader,new PdfWriter(swapStream));long n = reader.getLastXref();PdfObject object;PdfStream stream;//查找图像并操作图像流for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {object = pdfDocument.getPdfObject(i);if (object == null || !object.isStream())continue;stream = (PdfStream) object;PdfObject pdfsubtype = stream.get(PdfName.Subtype);if (pdfsubtype != null && pdfsubtype.toString().equals(PdfName.Image.toString())) {PdfImageXObject image = new PdfImageXObject(stream);int i1 = image.getPdfObject().getAsNumber(PdfName.BitsPerComponent).intValue();//小于8的都跳过，BitsPerComponent=4是提示报错The color depth BitsPerComponent的值 is not supported//this.bpc != 8 ImagePdfBytesInfo类下decodeTiffAndPngBytes//当位图不等于8时，直接跳过if (i1 != 8) {continue;}BufferedImage bi = image.getBufferedImage();if (bi == null) continue;int width = (int) (bi.getWidth() * FACTOR);int height = (int) (bi.getHeight() * FACTOR);BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);AffineTransform at = AffineTransform.getScaleInstance(FACTOR, FACTOR);Graphics2D g = img.createGraphics();g.drawRenderedImage(bi, at);ByteArrayOutputStream imgBytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream();//标记此处，后面会修改ImageIO.write(img, "JPG", imgBytes);stream.clear();stream.setData(imgBytes.toByteArray(), false);stream.put(PdfName.Type, PdfName.XObject);stream.put(PdfName.Subtype, PdfName.Image);stream.put(key, value);stream.put(PdfName.Filter, PdfName.DCTDecode);stream.put(PdfName.Width, new PdfNumber(width));stream.put(PdfName.Height, new PdfNumber(height));stream.put(PdfName.BitsPerComponent, new PdfNumber(8));stream.put(PdfName.ColorSpace, PdfName.DeviceRGB);}}//将数据写入到输出流中pdfDocument.close();reader.close();log.info("pdf压缩完成, 文件大小={}", swapStream.size());return new BASE64Encoder().encode(swapStream.toByteArray());}

具体情况没有深入研究，只是解决了当前遇到的问题。大佬们可以进行技术交流