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1、An array is a homogeneous sequence of values in which the elements in the sequence are associated one-to-one with indices in a contiguous range.
2、Arrays in some form appear as built-in data types in virtually all programming languages.
动态数组，底层的数据结构很简单，如下图所示：
=========================array.h========================
#ifndef ARRAY_INCLUDED
#define ARRAY_INCLUDED#define T Array_T
typedef struct T *T;//exported functions
extern T Array_new (int length, int size);
extern void Array_free (T *array);
extern int Array_length(T array);
extern int Array_size (T array);
extern void *Array_get (T array, int i);
extern void *Array_put (T array, int i, void *elem);
extern void Array_resize(T array, int length);
extern T Array_copy (T array, int length);#undef T
#endif
========================arrayrep.h===========================
#ifndef ARRAYREP_INCLUDED
#define ARRAYREP_INCLUDED#define T Array_Tstruct T{int length;int size;char *array;
};extern void ArrayRep_init(T array, int length,int size, void *ary);#undef T
#endif
========================array.c===============================
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "assert.h"
#include "array.h"
#include "arrayrep.h"
#include "mem.h"#define T Array_T//functions
T Array_new(int length, int size){T array;NEW(array);if(length > 0){ArrayRep_init(array, length, size,CALLOC(length, size));}else{ArrayRep_init(array, length, size, NULL);}return array;
}void ArrayRep_init(T array, int length, int size,void *ary){assert(array);assert(ary && length > 0 || length == 0 && ary == NULL);assert(size > 0);array->length = length;array->size = size;if(length > 0)array->array = ary;elsearray->array = NULL;
}void Array_free(T *array){assert(array && *array);FREE((*array)->array);FREE(*array);
}void *Array_get(T array, int i){assert(array);assert(i >= 0 && i < array->length);return array->array + i*array->size;
}void *Array_put(T array, int i, void *elem){assert(array);assert(i >= 0 && i < array->length);assert(elem);memcpy(array->array + i * array->size, elem, array->size);return elem;
}int Array_length(T array){assert(array);return array->length;
}int Array_size(T array){assert(array);return array->size;
}void Array_resize(T array, int length){assert(array);assert(length >= 0);if(length == 0){FREE(array->array);}else if(array->length == 0){array->array = ALLOC(length*array->size);}else{RESIZE(array->array, length*array->size);}array->length = length;
}T Array_copy(T array, int length){T copy;assert(array);assert(length >= 0);copy = Array_new(length, array->size);if(copy->length >= array->length&& array->length > 0){memcpy(copy->array, array->array,array->length*array->size);}else if(array->length > copy->length&& copy->length > 0){memcpy(copy->array, array->array,copy->length*array->size);}return copy;
}
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