VTK9.2.0+QT5.14.0绘制三维显示背景

2024-05-25 02:44
文章标签 显示 绘制 背景 三维 qt5.14 vtk9.2

本文主要是介绍VTK9.2.0+QT5.14.0绘制三维显示背景，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！

背景

上一篇绘制点云的博文中，使用的vtkCameraOrientationWidget来绘制的坐标轴，最近又学习到两种新的坐标轴绘制形式。

vtkOrientationMarkerWidget + vtkAxesActor

单独使用vtkAxesActor能够绘制出坐标轴，但是会随着鼠标操作旋转和平移时，在三维窗口中移动。搭配vtkOrientationMarkerWidget 的话能够在三维窗口的widget中，再放置一个小的widget，专门放置vtkAxesActor，可以达到停留在窗口左下角，只随着鼠标旋转的目的。

在头文件中定义vtkOrientationMarkerWidget 的对象

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkOrientationMarkerWidget> markerOrientationWidget;

void QVtkDemo2::testVtk3D()
{//创建着色器对象vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> g_vtkRenderer = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();//设置背景颜色g_vtkRenderer->SetBackground(.1, .2, .4);//创建point对象vtkSmartPointer<vtkPoints> g_vtkPoints = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPoints>::New();g_vtkPoints->SetNumberOfPoints(200);//创建cell对象vtkSmartPointer<vtkCellArray> g_vtkVertices = vtkSmartPointer<vtkCellArray>::New();vtkIdType id[1];//随机生成200个点float minz = VTK_FLOAT_MAX, maxz = VTK_FLOAT_MIN;for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++){float x = rand() % 10;float y = rand() % 10;float z = rand() % 10;//提前申请了points的数量，使用set比insert速度更快g_vtkPoints->SetPoint(i, x, y, z);id[0] = i;g_vtkVertices->InsertNextCell(1, id);if (z > maxz){maxz = z;}if (z < minz){minz = z;}}//创建poly对象vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyData> g_vtkpolyData = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyData>::New();g_vtkpolyData->SetPoints(g_vtkPoints);g_vtkpolyData->SetVerts(g_vtkVertices);vtkSmartPointer<vtkVertexGlyphFilter> g_glyphFilter = vtkSmartPointer<vtkVertexGlyphFilter>::New();g_glyphFilter->SetInputData(g_vtkpolyData);g_glyphFilter->Update();vtkSmartPointer<vtkElevationFilter> g_elevationFilter = vtkSmartPointer<vtkElevationFilter>::New();g_elevationFilter->SetInputConnection(g_glyphFilter->GetOutputPort());g_elevationFilter->SetLowPoint(0, 0, minz);g_elevationFilter->SetHighPoint(0, 0, maxz);//创建polyMappervtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper> g_vtkpointsMapper = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();g_vtkpointsMapper->SetInputConnection(g_elevationFilter->GetOutputPort());//创建ActorvtkSmartPointer<vtkActor> g_vtkpointsActor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();g_vtkpointsActor->SetMapper(g_vtkpointsMapper);g_vtkpointsActor->GetProperty()->SetPointSize(3);//设置点的大小g_vtkRenderer->AddActor(g_vtkpointsActor);vtkNew<vtkLookupTable> lut = vtkNew<vtkLookupTable>::vtkNew();lut->SetNumberOfTableValues(7);lut->SetHueRange(0.0, 0.67);lut->SetTableRange(minz, maxz);lut->Build();vtkNew<vtkScalarBarActor> colorBar = vtkNew<vtkScalarBarActor>::vtkNew();colorBar->SetLookupTable(lut);colorBar->SetNumberOfLabels(7);colorBar->SetBarRatio(0.10);colorBar->SetUnconstrainedFontSize(0.05);colorBar->SetMaximumHeightInPixels(100);colorBar->SetDisplayPosition(500, 80);g_vtkRenderer->AddActor2D(colorBar);//根据点云的包围盒，寻找最佳的显示视点位置g_vtkRenderer->ResetCamera();//ui中的绘制窗口添加定义的着色器ui.openGLWidget->renderWindow()->AddRenderer(g_vtkRenderer);//开始三维渲染ui.openGLWidget->renderWindow()->Render();//绘制坐标轴vtkSmartPointer<vtkAxesActor> axes_actor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkAxesActor>::New();axes_actor->SetPosition(0, 0, 0);axes_actor->SetTotalLength(50, 50, 50);//axes_actor->SetScale(5.0);//axes_actor->SetShaftType(0);//axes_actor->SetCylinderRadius(0.1);//axes_actor->SetConeRadius(0.3);//axes_actor->SetAxisLabels(1);//axes_actor->SetTipType(0); //坐标轴顶部为圆锥体axes_actor->GetXAxisShaftProperty()->SetColor(1, 0, 1);axes_actor->GetXAxisTipProperty()->SetColor(1, 0, 1);axes_actor->GetZAxisShaftProperty()->SetColor(1, 1, 0);axes_actor->GetZAxisTipProperty()->SetColor(1, 1, 0);markerOrientationWidget = vtkSmartPointer<vtkOrientationMarkerWidget>::New();markerOrientationWidget->SetOrientationMarker(axes_actor);markerOrientationWidget->SetInteractor(ui.openGLWidget->interactor());markerOrientationWidget->SetCurrentRenderer(g_vtkRenderer);markerOrientationWidget->SetDefaultRenderer(g_vtkRenderer);markerOrientationWidget->SetViewport(0.0, 0.0, 0.2, 0.2);markerOrientationWidget->SetEnabled(1);markerOrientationWidget->SetZoom(1.2);markerOrientationWidget->SetInteractive(false);return;
}

在这里插入图片描述
可以为三维空间添加一个网格底面，如图所示
在这里插入图片描述
只需要在上述代码中，创建一个新的Actor以及对应的Mapper和PlaneSource，然后向renderer中添加一个额外的Actor，并通过vtkCamera来设定我们当前的视角，提升观感

void QVtkDemo2::testVtk3D()
{//创建着色器对象vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> g_vtkRenderer = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();//设置背景颜色g_vtkRenderer->SetBackground(.1, .2, .4);//创建point对象vtkSmartPointer<vtkPoints> g_vtkPoints = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPoints>::New();g_vtkPoints->SetNumberOfPoints(200);//创建cell对象vtkSmartPointer<vtkCellArray> g_vtkVertices = vtkSmartPointer<vtkCellArray>::New();vtkIdType id[1];//随机生成200个点float minz = VTK_FLOAT_MAX, maxz = VTK_FLOAT_MIN;for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++){float x = rand() % 10;float y = rand() % 10;float z = rand() % 10;//提前申请了points的数量，使用set比insert速度更快g_vtkPoints->SetPoint(i, x, y, z);id[0] = i;g_vtkVertices->InsertNextCell(1, id);if (z > maxz){maxz = z;}if (z < minz){minz = z;}}//创建poly对象vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyData> g_vtkpolyData = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyData>::New();g_vtkpolyData->SetPoints(g_vtkPoints);g_vtkpolyData->SetVerts(g_vtkVertices);vtkSmartPointer<vtkVertexGlyphFilter> g_glyphFilter = vtkSmartPointer<vtkVertexGlyphFilter>::New();g_glyphFilter->SetInputData(g_vtkpolyData);g_glyphFilter->Update();vtkSmartPointer<vtkElevationFilter> g_elevationFilter = vtkSmartPointer<vtkElevationFilter>::New();g_elevationFilter->SetInputConnection(g_glyphFilter->GetOutputPort());g_elevationFilter->SetLowPoint(0, 0, minz);g_elevationFilter->SetHighPoint(0, 0, maxz);//创建polyMappervtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper> g_vtkpointsMapper = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();g_vtkpointsMapper->SetInputConnection(g_elevationFilter->GetOutputPort());//创建ActorvtkSmartPointer<vtkActor> g_vtkpointsActor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();g_vtkpointsActor->SetMapper(g_vtkpointsMapper);g_vtkpointsActor->GetProperty()->SetPointSize(3);//设置点的大小g_vtkRenderer->AddActor(g_vtkpointsActor);vtkNew<vtkLookupTable> lut = vtkNew<vtkLookupTable>::vtkNew();lut->SetNumberOfTableValues(7);lut->SetHueRange(0.0, 0.67);lut->SetTableRange(minz, maxz);lut->Build();vtkNew<vtkScalarBarActor> colorBar = vtkNew<vtkScalarBarActor>::vtkNew();colorBar->SetLookupTable(lut);colorBar->SetNumberOfLabels(7);colorBar->SetBarRatio(0.10);colorBar->SetUnconstrainedFontSize(0.05);colorBar->SetMaximumHeightInPixels(100);colorBar->SetDisplayPosition(500, 80);g_vtkRenderer->AddActor2D(colorBar);//定义一个平面vtkSmartPointer<vtkPlaneSource> mReferencePlaneSource;vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper> mReferencePlaneMapper;vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>  mReferencePlaneActor;//添加平面mReferencePlaneSource = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPlaneSource>::New();mReferencePlaneMapper = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();mReferencePlaneActor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();mReferencePlaneSource->SetXResolution(20);mReferencePlaneSource->SetYResolution(20);mReferencePlaneSource->SetOrigin(-10.0, -10.0, -6.0); //根据视野范围来调整mReferencePlaneSource->SetPoint1(10.0, -10.0, -6.0);mReferencePlaneSource->SetPoint2(-10.0, 10.0, -6.0);mReferencePlaneMapper->SetInputConnection(mReferencePlaneSource->GetOutputPort());mReferencePlaneActor->SetMapper(mReferencePlaneMapper);mReferencePlaneActor->GetProperty()->SetRepresentationToWireframe();mReferencePlaneActor->GetProperty()->SetColor(0.5, 1.0, 1.0);mReferencePlaneActor->SetVisibility(true);g_vtkRenderer->AddActor(mReferencePlaneActor);vtkSmartPointer<vtkCamera> _vtk_icamera = vtkSmartPointer<vtkCamera>::New();_vtk_icamera->SetPosition(50.0, 50.0, 30.0);_vtk_icamera->SetFocalPoint(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);_vtk_icamera->SetViewUp(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);_vtk_icamera->ComputeViewPlaneNormal();if (_vtk_icamera){g_vtkRenderer->SetActiveCamera(_vtk_icamera);g_vtkRenderer->ResetCamera();}//根据点云的包围盒，寻找最佳的显示视点位置//g_vtkRenderer->ResetCamera();//ui中的绘制窗口添加定义的着色器ui.openGLWidget->renderWindow()->AddRenderer(g_vtkRenderer);//开始三维渲染ui.openGLWidget->renderWindow()->Render();//绘制坐标轴vtkSmartPointer<vtkAxesActor> axes_actor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkAxesActor>::New();axes_actor->SetPosition(0, 0, 0);axes_actor->SetTotalLength(50, 50, 50);//axes_actor->SetScale(5.0);//axes_actor->SetShaftType(0);//axes_actor->SetCylinderRadius(0.1);//axes_actor->SetConeRadius(0.3);//axes_actor->SetAxisLabels(1);//axes_actor->SetTipType(0); //坐标轴顶部为圆锥体axes_actor->GetXAxisShaftProperty()->SetColor(1, 0, 1);axes_actor->GetXAxisTipProperty()->SetColor(1, 0, 1);axes_actor->GetZAxisShaftProperty()->SetColor(1, 1, 0);axes_actor->GetZAxisTipProperty()->SetColor(1, 1, 0);markerOrientationWidget = vtkSmartPointer<vtkOrientationMarkerWidget>::New();markerOrientationWidget->SetOrientationMarker(axes_actor);markerOrientationWidget->SetInteractor(ui.openGLWidget->interactor());markerOrientationWidget->SetCurrentRenderer(g_vtkRenderer);markerOrientationWidget->SetDefaultRenderer(g_vtkRenderer);markerOrientationWidget->SetViewport(0.0, 0.0, 0.2, 0.2);markerOrientationWidget->SetEnabled(1);markerOrientationWidget->SetZoom(1.2);markerOrientationWidget->SetInteractive(false);return;
}

vtkCubeAxesActor

下图是matlab的三维显示，想要绘制网格状的坐标轴，并标注坐标，VTK提供了vtkCubeAxesActor
在这里插入图片描述
vtkCubeAxesActor作为一类Actor, 因此，我们只需要定义好vtkCubeAxesActor的参数，然后添加到Renderer中即可

void QVtkDemo2::testVtk3D()
{//创建着色器对象vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> g_vtkRenderer = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();//设置背景颜色g_vtkRenderer->SetBackground(.1, .2, .4);//创建point对象vtkSmartPointer<vtkPoints> g_vtkPoints = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPoints>::New();g_vtkPoints->SetNumberOfPoints(200);//创建cell对象vtkSmartPointer<vtkCellArray> g_vtkVertices = vtkSmartPointer<vtkCellArray>::New();vtkIdType id[1];//随机生成200个点float minz = VTK_FLOAT_MAX, maxz = VTK_FLOAT_MIN;for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++){float x = rand() % 10;float y = rand() % 10;float z = rand() % 10;//提前申请了points的数量，使用set比insert速度更快g_vtkPoints->SetPoint(i, x, y, z);id[0] = i;g_vtkVertices->InsertNextCell(1, id);if (z > maxz){maxz = z;}if (z < minz){minz = z;}}//创建poly对象vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyData> g_vtkpolyData = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyData>::New();g_vtkpolyData->SetPoints(g_vtkPoints);g_vtkpolyData->SetVerts(g_vtkVertices);vtkSmartPointer<vtkVertexGlyphFilter> g_glyphFilter = vtkSmartPointer<vtkVertexGlyphFilter>::New();g_glyphFilter->SetInputData(g_vtkpolyData);g_glyphFilter->Update();vtkSmartPointer<vtkElevationFilter> g_elevationFilter = vtkSmartPointer<vtkElevationFilter>::New();g_elevationFilter->SetInputConnection(g_glyphFilter->GetOutputPort());g_elevationFilter->SetLowPoint(0, 0, minz);g_elevationFilter->SetHighPoint(0, 0, maxz);//创建polyMappervtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper> g_vtkpointsMapper = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();g_vtkpointsMapper->SetInputConnection(g_elevationFilter->GetOutputPort());//创建ActorvtkSmartPointer<vtkActor> g_vtkpointsActor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();g_vtkpointsActor->SetMapper(g_vtkpointsMapper);g_vtkpointsActor->GetProperty()->SetPointSize(3);//设置点的大小g_vtkRenderer->AddActor(g_vtkpointsActor);vtkNew<vtkLookupTable> lut = vtkNew<vtkLookupTable>::vtkNew();lut->SetNumberOfTableValues(7);lut->SetHueRange(0.0, 0.67);lut->SetTableRange(minz, maxz);lut->Build();vtkNew<vtkScalarBarActor> colorBar = vtkNew<vtkScalarBarActor>::vtkNew();colorBar->SetLookupTable(lut);colorBar->SetNumberOfLabels(7);colorBar->SetBarRatio(0.10);colorBar->SetUnconstrainedFontSize(0.05);colorBar->SetMaximumHeightInPixels(100);colorBar->SetDisplayPosition(500, 80);g_vtkRenderer->AddActor2D(colorBar);//vtkCubeAxesvtkSmartPointer<vtkCubeAxesActor> cubeAxes = vtkSmartPointer<vtkCubeAxesActor>::New();auto activeCamera = g_vtkRenderer->GetActiveCamera();cubeAxes->SetCamera(activeCamera);double bounds[6] = { 0.0, 10.0, 0.0, 10.0, 0.0, 10.0 };cubeAxes->SetBounds(bounds);cubeAxes->SetXTitle("X-Axis");cubeAxes->SetYTitle("Y-Axis");cubeAxes->SetZTitle("Z-Axis");cubeAxes->GetTitleTextProperty(0)->SetColor(1.0, 0.0, 1.0);cubeAxes->GetLabelTextProperty(0)->SetColor(1.0, 0.0, 1.0);cubeAxes->GetTitleTextProperty(1)->SetColor(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);cubeAxes->GetLabelTextProperty(1)->SetColor(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);cubeAxes->GetTitleTextProperty(2)->SetColor(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);cubeAxes->GetLabelTextProperty(2)->SetColor(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);cubeAxes->SetVisibility(1);cubeAxes->SetXAxisRange(0, 10.0);cubeAxes->SetYAxisRange(0.0, 10.0);cubeAxes->SetZAxisRange(0.0, 10.0);cubeAxes->DrawXGridlinesOn();cubeAxes->DrawYGridlinesOn();cubeAxes->DrawZGridlinesOn();cubeAxes->SetDrawXInnerGridlines(0);cubeAxes->SetDrawYInnerGridlines(0);cubeAxes->SetDrawZInnerGridlines(0);cubeAxes->XAxisMinorTickVisibilityOff();cubeAxes->YAxisMinorTickVisibilityOff();cubeAxes->ZAxisMinorTickVisibilityOff();cubeAxes->SetScreenSize(30.0);cubeAxes->SetLabelOffset(20.0);cubeAxes->SetGridLineLocation(2);cubeAxes->SetTickLocation(1);cubeAxes->SetFlyMode(0);g_vtkRenderer->AddActor(cubeAxes);vtkSmartPointer<vtkCamera> _vtk_icamera = vtkSmartPointer<vtkCamera>::New();_vtk_icamera->SetPosition(50.0, 50.0, 30.0);_vtk_icamera->SetFocalPoint(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);_vtk_icamera->SetViewUp(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);_vtk_icamera->ComputeViewPlaneNormal();if (_vtk_icamera){g_vtkRenderer->SetActiveCamera(_vtk_icamera);g_vtkRenderer->ResetCamera();}//根据点云的包围盒，寻找最佳的显示视点位置//g_vtkRenderer->ResetCamera();//ui中的绘制窗口添加定义的着色器ui.openGLWidget->renderWindow()->AddRenderer(g_vtkRenderer);//开始三维渲染ui.openGLWidget->renderWindow()->Render();//绘制坐标轴vtkSmartPointer<vtkAxesActor> axes_actor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkAxesActor>::New();axes_actor->SetPosition(0, 0, 0);axes_actor->SetTotalLength(50, 50, 50);//axes_actor->SetScale(5.0);//axes_actor->SetShaftType(0);//axes_actor->SetCylinderRadius(0.1);//axes_actor->SetConeRadius(0.3);//axes_actor->SetAxisLabels(1);//axes_actor->SetTipType(0); //坐标轴顶部为圆锥体axes_actor->GetXAxisShaftProperty()->SetColor(1, 0, 1);axes_actor->GetXAxisTipProperty()->SetColor(1, 0, 1);axes_actor->GetZAxisShaftProperty()->SetColor(1, 1, 0);axes_actor->GetZAxisTipProperty()->SetColor(1, 1, 0);markerOrientationWidget = vtkSmartPointer<vtkOrientationMarkerWidget>::New();markerOrientationWidget->SetOrientationMarker(axes_actor);markerOrientationWidget->SetInteractor(ui.openGLWidget->interactor());markerOrientationWidget->SetCurrentRenderer(g_vtkRenderer);markerOrientationWidget->SetDefaultRenderer(g_vtkRenderer);markerOrientationWidget->SetViewport(0.0, 0.0, 0.2, 0.2);markerOrientationWidget->SetEnabled(1);markerOrientationWidget->SetZoom(1.2);markerOrientationWidget->SetInteractive(false);return;
}

在这里插入图片描述

带灰度纹理点云的三维显示

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《使用Python绘制蛇年春节祝福艺术图》：本文主要介绍如何使用Python的Matplotlib库绘制一幅富有创意的“蛇年有福”艺术图,这幅图结合了数字,蛇形,花朵等装饰,需要的可以参考下... 目录1. 绘图的基本概念2. 准备工作3. 实现代码解析3.1 设置绘图画布3.2 绘制数字“2025”3.3
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