kubeadm 在vubuntu22.04.4 server 上安装kubernetes 1.28.9

本文主要是介绍kubeadm 在vubuntu22.04.4 server 上安装kubernetes 1.28.9，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！

一、基础安装（所有节点执行）----------------------------------------

时间同步

关闭防火墙

sudo ufw disable
sudo ufw status

关闭交换内存

临时关闭

sudo swapoff -a
free -m

永久关闭

 sudo vim /etc/fstab 

注释掉交换内存

转发 IPv4 并让 iptables 看到桥接流量

官方文档：https://v1-28.docs.kubernetes.io/zh-cn/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOFsudo modprobe overlay
sudo modprobe br_netfilter# 设置所需的 sysctl 参数，参数在重新启动后保持不变
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward                 = 1
EOF# 应用 sysctl 参数而不重新启动
sudo sysctl --system

安装docker----------------------------------------------------

下载 docker

地址
https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/jammy/pool/stable/amd64/
https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases

安装 docker

dpkg -i ./containerd.io_1.6.20-1_amd64.deb \./docker-ce-cli_24.0.5-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy_amd64.deb \./docker-ce_24.0.5-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy_amd64.deb \./docker-buildx-plugin_0.11.2-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy_amd64.deb \./ocker-compose-plugin_2.20.2-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy_amd64.debdpkg -i cri-dockerd_0.3.10.3-0.ubuntu-jammy_amd64.deb

安装kubeadm,kubelet,kubectl

软件源

sudo apt-get update
# apt-transport-https 可能是一个虚拟包（dummy package）；如果是的话，你可以跳过安装这个包
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gpg#下载用于 Kubernetes 软件包仓库的公共签名密钥。所有仓库都使用相同的签名密钥，因此你可以忽略URL中的版本：
curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.28/deb/Release.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg# 此操作会覆盖 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list 中现存的所有配置。
echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.28/deb/ /' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.listapt update

查找kubeadm的版本

apt-cache madison kubeadm

安装Kubernetes：

sudo apt install -y kubeadm=1.28.9-2.1 kubectl=1.28.9-2.1 kubelet=1.28.9-2.1

锁定版本

以免apt upgrade时自动升级，出现版本不兼容的情况：

sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl

下载镜像

查看该版本用到的docker镜像

kubeadm config images list

拉取镜像

MY_REGISTRY=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containerssudo docker pull ${MY_REGISTRY}/kube-apiserver:v1.28.9
sudo docker pull ${MY_REGISTRY}/kube-controller-manager:v1.28.9
sudo docker pull ${MY_REGISTRY}/kube-scheduler:v1.28.9
sudo docker pull ${MY_REGISTRY}/kube-proxy:v1.28.9
sudo docker pull ${MY_REGISTRY}/pause:3.9
sudo docker pull ${MY_REGISTRY}/etcd:3.5.12-0
sudo docker pull ${MY_REGISTRY}/coredns:v1.10.1

添加Tag

默认使用的是 registry.k8s.io

sudo docker tag ${MY_REGISTRY}/kube-apiserver:v1.28.9 registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:v1.28.9
sudo docker tag ${MY_REGISTRY}/kube-scheduler:v1.28.9 registry.k8s.io/kube-scheduler:v1.28.9
sudo docker tag ${MY_REGISTRY}/kube-controller-manager:v1.28.9 registry.k8s.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.28.9
sudo docker tag ${MY_REGISTRY}/kube-proxy:v1.28.9 registry.k8s.io/kube-proxy:v1.28.9
sudo docker tag ${MY_REGISTRY}/etcd:3.5.12-0 registry.k8s.io/etcd:3.5.12-0
sudo docker tag ${MY_REGISTRY}/pause:3.9 registry.k8s.io/pause:3.9
sudo docker tag ${MY_REGISTRY}/coredns:v1.10.1 registry.k8s.io/coredns:v1.10.1

二、安装控制面（contoller plan1节点执行）-----------------------------------------

方法1：使用配置文件安装 master

打印默认配置

kubeadm config print init-defaults  > /etc/kubernetes/kubeadm.conf

修改配置

vim /etc/kubernetes/kubeadm.conf

内容如下：

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-tokentoken: abcdef.0123456789abcdefttl: 24h0m0susages:- signing- authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:advertiseAddress: 192.168.122.12bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:criSocket: unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sockimagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentname: 192.168.122.12taints: null
---
apiServer:timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:local:dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.28.9
networking:dnsDomain: cluster.localserviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
scheduler: {}
---
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
cgroupDriver: systemd

初始化master节点

kubeadm init --config=/etc/kubernetes/kubeadm.conf

成功信息

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:mkdir -p $HOME/.kubesudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/configsudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/configAlternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.confYou should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:kubeadm join 192.168.122.12:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a98f46a770843d62c18187638b04b86967611db2a448842c2c826071d641dce2

拷贝认证配置文件

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kubesudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/configsudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

取消安装

如果需要

kubeadm reset --cri-socket unix:///run/cri-dockerd.sock

方法2：使用参数（未测试）

kubeadm init --node-name=192.168.122.12 --kubernetes-version=v1.28.9 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.122.12 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --cri-socket=unix:///run/cri-dockerd.sock --image-repository=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

安装网络插件 flannel

kube-flannel_v0.25.0.yml

官方文档：https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/blob/v0.25.0/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
如果有多个网卡，需添加参数 --iface=xxx, 指定网卡。

---
kind: Namespace
apiVersion: v1
metadata:name: kube-flannellabels:k8s-app: flannelpod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: flannelname: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:- ""resources:- podsverbs:- get
- apiGroups:- ""resources:- nodesverbs:- get- list- watch
- apiGroups:- ""resources:- nodes/statusverbs:- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: flannelname: flannel
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: ClusterRolename: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccountname: flannelnamespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:labels:k8s-app: flannelname: flannelnamespace: kube-flannel
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:name: kube-flannel-cfgnamespace: kube-flannellabels:tier: nodek8s-app: flannelapp: flannel
data:cni-conf.json: |{"name": "cbr0","cniVersion": "0.3.1","plugins": [{"type": "flannel","delegate": {"hairpinMode": true,"isDefaultGateway": true}},{"type": "portmap","capabilities": {"portMappings": true}}]}net-conf.json: |{"Network": "10.244.0.0/16","EnableNFTables": false,"Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:name: kube-flannel-dsnamespace: kube-flannellabels:tier: nodeapp: flannelk8s-app: flannel
spec:selector:matchLabels:app: flanneltemplate:metadata:labels:tier: nodeapp: flannelspec:affinity:nodeAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:nodeSelectorTerms:- matchExpressions:- key: kubernetes.io/osoperator: Invalues:- linuxhostNetwork: truepriorityClassName: system-node-criticaltolerations:- operator: Existseffect: NoScheduleserviceAccountName: flannelinitContainers:- name: install-cni-pluginimage: docker.io/flannel/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.4.0-flannel1command:- cpargs:- -f- /flannel- /opt/cni/bin/flannelvolumeMounts:- name: cni-pluginmountPath: /opt/cni/bin- name: install-cniimage: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.25.0command:- cpargs:- -f- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflistvolumeMounts:- name: cnimountPath: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/containers:- name: kube-flannelimage: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.25.0command:- /opt/bin/flanneldargs:- --ip-masq- --kube-subnet-mgr- --iface=enp1s0resources:requests:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"securityContext:privileged: falsecapabilities:add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]env:- name: POD_NAMEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.name- name: POD_NAMESPACEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespace- name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTHvalue: "5000"volumeMounts:- name: runmountPath: /run/flannel- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/- name: xtables-lockmountPath: /run/xtables.lockvolumes:- name: runhostPath:path: /run/flannel- name: cni-pluginhostPath:path: /opt/cni/bin- name: cnihostPath:path: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgconfigMap:name: kube-flannel-cfg- name: xtables-lockhostPath:path: /run/xtables.locktype: FileOrCreate---

安装flannel

kubectl create -f flannel_v0.25.0.yml

验证集群

查看节点

查看pod

三、安装工作节点----------------------------------------------------

把工作节点加入到集群

192.168.122.13 是slave ip, 192.168.122.12 是 master ip

  kubeadm join 192.168.122.12:6443 --node-name 192.168.122.13 --token eipqir.f26q8k19iofaihz0 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a98f46a770843d62c18187638b04b86967611db2a448842c2c826071d641dce2 --cri-socket=unix:///run/cri-dockerd.so

输出如下信息，表示成功

[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

四、启用主节点同时作为工作节点（实验环境）-----------------------------------------

kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-

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