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Docker 容器使用
说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，linux,下载一个centos镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
#参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字，比如tomcat01，tomcat02,用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
#端口的几种写法： -p ip:主机端口：容器端口-p 主机端口：容器端口（常用）-p 容器端口容器端口
-p 随机指定端口#测试，启动并进入容器,进入以后主机名变成了容器id
chenzhewei@chenzhenweideMacBook-Pro ~ % docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@3dc132bf9180 /]##查看容器内的centos，基础版本
[root@3dc132bf9180 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var#从容器中退回主机
[root@3dc132bf9180 /]# exit
exit
chenzhenwei@chenzhenweideMacBook-Pro ~ %列出所有的运行容器
#docker ps 列出当前正在运行的容器
#docker ps -a 列出当前正在运行的容器+停止运行的容器
#docker ps -a -n=? #显示出最近创建的？个容器，？是1就是一个容器，依次类推
#docker ps -q 只显示容器的编号chenzhewei@chenzheweideMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESchenzhewei@chenzheweideMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3dc132bf9180 centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (127) About a minute ago musing_franklin
80fe8c857925 d1165f221234 "/hello" 13 hours ago Exited (0) 13 hours ago optimistic_almeida
4ef1ce20ebee docker/getting-started "/docker-entrypoint.…" 13 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago intelligent_khayyamchenzhewei@chenzheweideMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps -a -n=1
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3dc132bf9180 centos "/bin/bash" 25 minutes ago Exited (127) 20 minutes ago musing_franklinchenzhewei@chenzheweideMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps -aq
3dc132bf9180
80fe8c857925
4ef1ce20ebee退出容器
exit #直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P + Q #容器不停止退出，mac操作无效
删除容器
docker rm 容器id #删除指定的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除指定的容器启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在的容器
docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器其他常用命令
后台启动容器：
#命令 docker run -d 镜像名;chenzhewei@chenzheweideMacBook-Pro ~ % docker run -d centos
010bcc9e26c7134fc830e1e8b040c305ea19ac96096406b9990748f6d2f48855#问题:使用docker ps 命令发现容器停止了。
chenzhewei@chenzheweideMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES#常见的坑，docker容器使用后台运行，就必须有一个前台进程，docker 发现没有应用，就会自动停止
#nginx容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务就会立即停止，就是没有程序了。查看日志：
#在centos里执行一条一直循环的脚本，用于演示日志查看
chenzhewei@chenzheweideMacBook-Pro ~ % docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done"
ab95b091300a80d0ee0010e8cbf085446226c691bf12531df6e3f30284bc2d33
chenzhewei@chenzheweideMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ab95b091300a centos "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 10 seconds ago Up 9 seconds priceless_poincare
#然后用查看日志的命令来查看日志：docker logs -f -t --tail 10 [容器id]
chenzhenwei@chenzhenweideMacBook-Pro ~ % docker logs -f -t --tail 10 ab95b091300a
2021-04-06T16:01:20.916000800Z kuangshen
2021-04-06T16:01:21.919060300Z kuangshen
2021-04-06T16:01:22.923890500Z kuangshen
2021-04-06T16:01:23.927345100Z kuangshen
2021-04-06T16:01:24.933245800Z kuangshen
2021-04-06T16:01:25.936827600Z kuangshen
2021-04-06T16:01:26.941693300Z kuangshen
2021-04-06T16:01:27.944816500Z kuangshen
2021-04-06T16:01:28.948191700Z kuangshen
2021-04-06T16:01:29.952465000Z kuangshen
2021-04-06T16:01:30.960676600Z kuangshen查看容器中的进程信息：
# docker top 容器id
#uid 用户id，pid 当前进程id，ppid 父进程id
chenzhewei@binarychentekiMacBook-Pro docker top a74a08bf3368
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2012 1986 0 12:00 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo kuangsheng;sleep 1;done
root 2156 2012 0 12:01 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
查看容器的元数据：
#docker inspect 容器idchenzhewei@binarychetekiMacBook-Pro ~ docker inspect a74a08bf3368
[{"Id": "a74a08bf33685167773d28a9072c40fdfc88577d2072c3d89240c31048468f8c","Created": "2021-04-07T12:00:52.288953518Z","Path": "/bin/sh","Args": ["-c","while true;do echo kuangsheng;sleep 1;done"],"State": {"Status": "running","Running": true,"Paused": false,"Restarting": false,"OOMKilled": false,"Dead": false,"Pid": 2012,"ExitCode": 0,"Error": "","StartedAt": "2021-04-07T12:00:52.773772873Z","FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"},"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55","ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a74a08bf33685167773d28a9072c40fdfc88577d2072c3d89240c31048468f8c/resolv.conf","HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a74a08bf33685167773d28a9072c40fdfc88577d2072c3d89240c31048468f8c/hostname","HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a74a08bf33685167773d28a9072c40fdfc88577d2072c3d89240c31048468f8c/hosts","LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a74a08bf33685167773d28a9072c40fdfc88577d2072c3d89240c31048468f8c/a74a08bf33685167773d28a9072c40fdfc88577d2072c3d89240c31048468f8c-json.log","Name": "/flamboyant_mirzakhani","RestartCount": 0,"Driver": "overlay2","Platform": "linux","MountLabel": "","ProcessLabel": "","AppArmorProfile": "","ExecIDs": null,"HostConfig": {"Binds": null,"ContainerIDFile": "","LogConfig": {"Type": "json-file","Config": {}},"NetworkMode": "default","PortBindings": {},"RestartPolicy": {"Name": "no","MaximumRetryCount": 0},"AutoRemove": false,"VolumeDriver": "","VolumesFrom": null,"CapAdd": null,"CapDrop": null,"CgroupnsMode": "host","Dns": [],"DnsOptions": [],"DnsSearch": [],"ExtraHosts": null,"GroupAdd": null,"IpcMode": "private","Cgroup": "","Links": null,"OomScoreAdj": 0,"PidMode": "","Privileged": false,"PublishAllPorts": false,"ReadonlyRootfs": false,"SecurityOpt": null,"UTSMode": "","UsernsMode": "","ShmSize": 67108864,"Runtime": "runc","ConsoleSize": [0,0],"Isolation": "","CpuShares": 0,"Memory": 0,"NanoCpus": 0,"CgroupParent": "","BlkioWeight": 0,"BlkioWeightDevice": [],"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,"CpuPeriod": 0,"CpuQuota": 0,"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,"CpusetCpus": "","CpusetMems": "","Devices": [],"DeviceCgroupRules": null,"DeviceRequests": null,"KernelMemory": 0,"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,"MemoryReservation": 0,"MemorySwap": 0,"MemorySwappiness": null,"OomKillDisable": false,"PidsLimit": null,"Ulimits": null,"CpuCount": 0,"CpuPercent": 0,"IOMaximumIOps": 0,"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,"MaskedPaths": ["/proc/asound","/proc/acpi","/proc/kcore","/proc/keys","/proc/latency_stats","/proc/timer_list","/proc/timer_stats","/proc/sched_debug","/proc/scsi","/sys/firmware"],"ReadonlyPaths": ["/proc/bus","/proc/fs","/proc/irq","/proc/sys","/proc/sysrq-trigger"]},"GraphDriver": {"Data": {"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/31731ff5ee337e4b76f764d644c069c07f5d4aaba0fbce27da15d7c1411acb7c-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bec440006861a5e2c7d1dfbeb2a654cf2f13ee9294da1e5f0c0d95d054a829a1/diff","MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/31731ff5ee337e4b76f764d644c069c07f5d4aaba0fbce27da15d7c1411acb7c/merged","UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/31731ff5ee337e4b76f764d644c069c07f5d4aaba0fbce27da15d7c1411acb7c/diff","WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/31731ff5ee337e4b76f764d644c069c07f5d4aaba0fbce27da15d7c1411acb7c/work"},"Name": "overlay2"},"Mounts": [],"Config": {"Hostname": "a74a08bf3368","Domainname": "","User": "","AttachStdin": false,"AttachStdout": false,"AttachStderr": false,"Tty": false,"OpenStdin": false,"StdinOnce": false,"Env": ["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"],"Cmd": ["/bin/sh","-c","while true;do echo kuangsheng;sleep 1;done"],"Image": "centos","Volumes": null,"WorkingDir": "","Entrypoint": null,"OnBuild": null,"Labels": {"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204","org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2","org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image","org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0","org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"}},"NetworkSettings": {"Bridge": "","SandboxID": "dd79afdd778b526524b55f16a325e18454b91fd32264e1039d007f8151a54755","HairpinMode": false,"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "","LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"Ports": {},"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/dd79afdd778b","SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,"EndpointID": "c4b5ce4d6a9029928d9756c940272c5460a7fe101c5cb45e4926c97bce48836d","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03","Networks": {"bridge": {"IPAMConfig": null,"Links": null,"Aliases": null,"NetworkID": "4982d30632c91c00734693d3a7d3d24057b33c4801edbbb2f4f56a6ab0b0825e","EndpointID": "c4b5ce4d6a9029928d9756c940272c5460a7fe101c5cb45e4926c97bce48836d","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","IPAddress": "172.17.0.3","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03","DriverOpts": null}}}}
]
容器id是元数据id的前8位，如下图所示。
进入当前正在运行的容器：
#我们通常使用的容器都是使用后台方式运行的，我们有的需要进入容器，修改一些配置。
#docker exec -it [容器id] /bin/bashchenzhewei@binarychentekiMacBook-Pro ~ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a74a08bf3368 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 39 minutes ago Up 39 minutes flamboyant_mirzakhani
13518fc040d0 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 41 minutes ago Up 41 minutes priceless_northcuttchenzhewei@binarychentekiMacBook-Pro ~ docker exec -it a74a08bf3368 /bin/bash
[root@a74a08bf3368 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 12:00 ? 00:00:01 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo kuangsheng;sleep 1;done
root 2394 0 0 12:40 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 2478 1 0 12:41 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root 2479 2394 0 12:41 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@a74a08bf3368 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var#方式二
#docker attach [容器id]
chenzhewei@binarychentekiMacBook-Pro ~ docker attach a74a08bf3368
kuangsheng ->当前正在执行的代码
kuangsheng
kuangsheng
kuangsheng#两者的区别
#docker exec #进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作(常用)
#docker attach #进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程从容器内拷贝文件到主机上：
#docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的的主机路径#没有复现，所以老师的笔记如下
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