本文主要是介绍NHibernate的关联映射(one-to-one,one-to-many,many-to-many)以及cascade分析,希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
一、典型设置
cascade:(默认为none)级联。指明哪些操作会从对象级联到关联的对象。
inverse: (默认为false) 标记这个集合作为双向关联关系中的方向一端。在双向关联时才需要设置。在设为false的一端对cascade进行维护。处于性能的考虑,一般在数据少的一端或者被依赖端设置inverse="true",而让数据多的一段维护cascade。
1.one-to-one
1.1 数据库表结构
其中T_Person为主表,T_Employee为子表。T_Employee的PersonId参照T_Peson的PersonId。

1.2 示例映射类文件
/**/ /*
/*作者:DDL
/*联系:http://renrenqq.cnblogs.com/
*/

using System;

namespace DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToOne

{

/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
[Serializable]
public class Person

{

Private Members#region Private Members

private bool _isChanged;
private bool _isDeleted;
private int _personid;
private string _name;
private Employee _employee;

#endregion


Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor#region Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor


/**//// <summary>
/// default constructor
/// </summary>
public Person()

{
_personid = 0;
_name = null;
_employee = null;
}

#endregion // End of Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor


Public Properties#region Public Properties


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual int PersonId

{

get
{ return _personid; }
set

{
_isChanged |= (_personid != value);
_personid = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual string Name

{

get
{ return _name; }
set

{
if (value != null)
if (value.Length > 64)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("Invalid value for Name", value, value.ToString());

_isChanged |= (_name != value);
_name = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public Employee Employee

{

get
{ return _employee; }

set
{ _employee = value; }
}


/**//// <summary>
/// Returns whether or not the object has changed it's values.
/// </summary>
public bool IsChanged

{

get
{ return _isChanged; }
}


/**//// <summary>
/// Returns whether or not the object has changed it's values.
/// </summary>
public bool IsDeleted

{

get
{ return _isDeleted; }
}

#endregion


Public Functions#region Public Functions


/**//// <summary>
/// mark the item as deleted
/// </summary>
public void MarkAsDeleted()

{
_isDeleted = true;
_isChanged = true;
}

#endregion


Equals And HashCode Overrides#region Equals And HashCode Overrides


/**//// <summary>
/// local implementation of Equals based on unique value members
/// </summary>
public override bool Equals(object obj)

{
if (this == obj) return true;
if ((obj == null) || (obj.GetType() != GetType())) return false;
Person castObj = (Person) obj;
return (castObj != null) &&
(_personid == castObj.PersonId);
}


/**//// <summary>
/// local implementation of GetHashCode based on unique value members
/// </summary>
public override int GetHashCode()

{
int hash = 57;
hash = 27*hash*_personid.GetHashCode();
return hash;
}

#endregion
}
}
/**/ /*
/*作者:DDL
/*联系:http://renrenqq.cnblogs.com/
*/

using System;

namespace DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToOne

{

/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
[Serializable]
public class Employee

{

Private Members#region Private Members

private bool _isChanged;
private bool _isDeleted;
private int _personid;
private string _job;
private Person _person;

#endregion


Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor#region Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor


/**//// <summary>
/// default constructor
/// </summary>
public Employee()

{
_personid = 0;
_job = null;
_person = null;
}

#endregion // End of Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor


Public Properties#region Public Properties


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual int PersonId

{

get
{ return _personid; }
set

{
_isChanged |= (_personid != value);
_personid = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual string Job

{

get
{ return _job; }
set

{
if (value != null)
if (value.Length > 64)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("Invalid value for Job", value, value.ToString());

_isChanged |= (_job != value);
_job = value;
}
}

public Person Person

{

get
{ return _person; }

set
{ _person = value; }
}


/**//// <summary>
/// Returns whether or not the object has changed it's values.
/// </summary>
public bool IsChanged

{

get
{ return _isChanged; }
}


/**//// <summary>
/// Returns whether or not the object has changed it's values.
/// </summary>
public bool IsDeleted

{

get
{ return _isDeleted; }
}

#endregion


Public Functions#region Public Functions


/**//// <summary>
/// mark the item as deleted
/// </summary>
public void MarkAsDeleted()

{
_isDeleted = true;
_isChanged = true;
}

#endregion


Equals And HashCode Overrides#region Equals And HashCode Overrides


/**//// <summary>
/// local implementation of Equals based on unique value members
/// </summary>
public override bool Equals(object obj)

{
if (this == obj) return true;
if ((obj == null) || (obj.GetType() != GetType())) return false;
Employee castObj = (Employee) obj;
return (castObj != null) &&
(_personid == castObj.PersonId);
}


/**//// <summary>
/// local implementation of GetHashCode based on unique value members
/// </summary>
public override int GetHashCode()

{
int hash = 57;
hash = 27*hash*_personid.GetHashCode();
return hash;
}

#endregion
}
}
1.3 示例映射文件
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
< hibernate-mapping xmlns ="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.0" >
< class name ="DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToOne.Person,DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation" table ="T_Person" >

< id name ="PersonId" column ="PersonId" type ="Int32" unsaved-value ="0" >
< generator class ="native" />
</ id >
< property column ="Name" type ="String" name ="Name" length ="64" />

< one-to-one name ="Employee" class ="DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToOne.Employee,DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation" cascade ="all" ></ one-to-one >
</ class >
</ hibernate-mapping >
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
< hibernate-mapping xmlns ="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.0" >
< class name ="DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToOne.Employee,DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation" table ="T_Employee" >

< id name ="PersonId" column ="PersonId" type ="Int32" unsaved-value ="0" >
< generator class ="foreign" >
< param name ="property" > Person </ param >
</ generator >
</ id >
< property column ="Job" type ="String" name ="Job" length ="64" />

< one-to-one name ="Person" class ="DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToOne.Person,DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation" constrained ="true" ></ one-to-one >
</ class >
</ hibernate-mapping >
1.4 说明
constrained(约束): 表明该类对应的表对应的数据库表,和被关联的对象所对应的数据库表之间,通过一个外键引用对主键进行约束。这个选项影响Save()和Delete()在级联执行时的先后顺序(也在schema export tool中被使用)。
property-ref: (可选) 指定关联类的一个属性,这个属性将会和本外键相对应。如果没有指定,会使用对方关联类的主键。
<generator class="foreign">:表示使用另外一个相关联的对象的标识符,来创建主健。T_Employee的PersonId来自T_Person的ParentId。
Employee依赖于Person,所以通常在Person设置cascade。
2.另一种one-to-one
2.1数据库表结构
其中T_Person1为主表,T_Employee1为子表。T_Employee1的PersonId设置唯一约束,参照T_Person1的PersonId。

2.2示例映射类文件
/**/ /*
/*作者:DDL
/*联系:http://renrenqq.cnblogs.com/
*/

using System;

namespace DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToOne1

{

/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
[Serializable]
public class Person

{

Private Members#region Private Members

private bool _isChanged;
private bool _isDeleted;
private int _personid;
private string _name;
private Employee _employee;

#endregion


Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor#region Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor


/**//// <summary>
/// default constructor
/// </summary>
public Person()

{
_personid = 0;
_name = null;
_employee = null;
}

#endregion // End of Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor


Public Properties#region Public Properties


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual int PersonId

{

get
{ return _personid; }
set

{
_isChanged |= (_personid != value);
_personid = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual string Name

{

get
{ return _name; }
set

{
if (value != null)
if (value.Length > 64)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("Invalid value for Name", value, value.ToString());

_isChanged |= (_name != value);
_name = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public Employee Employee

{

get
{ return _employee; }

set
{ _employee = value; }
}


/**//// <summary>
/// Returns whether or not the object has changed it's values.
/// </summary>
public bool IsChanged

{

get
{ return _isChanged; }
}


/**//// <summary>
/// Returns whether or not the object has changed it's values.
/// </summary>
public bool IsDeleted

{

get
{ return _isDeleted; }
}

#endregion


Public Functions#region Public Functions


/**//// <summary>
/// mark the item as deleted
/// </summary>
public void MarkAsDeleted()

{
_isDeleted = true;
_isChanged = true;
}

#endregion


Equals And HashCode Overrides#region Equals And HashCode Overrides


/**//// <summary>
/// local implementation of Equals based on unique value members
/// </summary>
public override bool Equals(object obj)

{
if (this == obj) return true;
if ((obj == null) || (obj.GetType() != GetType())) return false;
Person castObj = (Person) obj;
return (castObj != null) &&
(_personid == castObj.PersonId);
}


/**//// <summary>
/// local implementation of GetHashCode based on unique value members
/// </summary>
public override int GetHashCode()

{
int hash = 57;
hash = 27*hash*_personid.GetHashCode();
return hash;
}

#endregion
}
}
/**/ /*
/*作者:DDL
/*联系:http://renrenqq.cnblogs.com/
*/

using System;

namespace DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToOne1

{

/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
[Serializable]
public class Employee

{

Private Members#region Private Members

private bool _isChanged;
private bool _isDeleted;
private int _employeeId;
private string _job;
private Person _person;

#endregion


Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor#region Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor


/**//// <summary>
/// default constructor
/// </summary>
public Employee()

{
_employeeId = 0;
_job = null;
_person = null;
}

#endregion // End of Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor


Public Properties#region Public Properties


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual int EmployeeId

{

get
{ return _employeeId; }
set

{
_isChanged |= (_employeeId != value);
_employeeId = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual string Job

{

get
{ return _job; }
set

{
if (value != null)
if (value.Length > 64)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("Invalid value for Job", value, value.ToString());

_isChanged |= (_job != value);
_job = value;
}
}

public Person Person

{

get
{ return _person; }

set
{ _person = value; }
}


/**//// <summary>
/// Returns whether or not the object has changed it's values.
/// </summary>
public bool IsChanged

{

get
{ return _isChanged; }
}


/**//// <summary>
/// Returns whether or not the object has changed it's values.
/// </summary>
public bool IsDeleted

{

get
{ return _isDeleted; }
}

#endregion


Public Functions#region Public Functions


/**//// <summary>
/// mark the item as deleted
/// </summary>
public void MarkAsDeleted()

{
_isDeleted = true;
_isChanged = true;
}

#endregion


Equals And HashCode Overrides#region Equals And HashCode Overrides


/**//// <summary>
/// local implementation of Equals based on unique value members
/// </summary>
public override bool Equals(object obj)

{
if (this == obj) return true;
if ((obj == null) || (obj.GetType() != GetType())) return false;
Employee castObj = (Employee) obj;
return (castObj != null) &&
(_employeeId == castObj.EmployeeId);
}


/**//// <summary>
/// local implementation of GetHashCode based on unique value members
/// </summary>
public override int GetHashCode()

{
int hash = 57;
hash = 27*hash*_employeeId.GetHashCode();
return hash;
}

#endregion
}
}
2.3示例映射文件
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
< hibernate-mapping xmlns ="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.0" >
< class name ="DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToOne1.Person,DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation" table ="T_Person1" >

< id name ="PersonId" column ="PersonId" type ="Int32" unsaved-value ="0" >
< generator class ="native" />
</ id >
< property column ="Name" type ="String" name ="Name" length ="64" />

< one-to-one name ="Employee" class ="DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToOne1.Employee,DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation" cascade ="all" ></ one-to-one >
</ class >
</ hibernate-mapping >
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
< hibernate-mapping xmlns ="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.0" >
< class name ="DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToOne1.Employee,DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation" table ="T_Employee1" >

< id name ="EmployeeId" column ="EmployeeId" type ="Int32" unsaved-value ="0" >
< generator class ="native" />
</ id >
< property column ="Job" type ="String" name ="Job" length ="64" />

< many-to-one name ="Person" class ="DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToOne1.Person,DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation" column ="PersonId" unique ="true" ></ many-to-one >
</ class >
</ hibernate-mapping >
2.4说明
这种one-to-one实际上是一种特殊的one-to-many,如果T_Employee1的PersonId不设置唯一约束,则可成为one-to-many。所以在T_Employee端设置many-to-one而不是one-to-one,记住要加上unique="true"表示唯一约束。
3.one-to-many
3.1 数据库表结构
T_Parent为主表,T_Child的ParentId参照T_Parent的ParentId。

注意:对于单向的one-to-many映射,cascade过程中会用到把T_Child表的ParentId设置为Null,所以ParentId应设为允许NULL;
而双向one-to-many映射,建议把T_Child的ParentI设置为不允许NULL
3.2 示例映射类文件(单向)
/**/ /*
/*作者:DDL
/*联系:http://renrenqq.cnblogs.com/
*/

using System;
using System.Collections;

namespace DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToMany1

{

/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
[Serializable]
public class Parent

{

Private Members#region Private Members

private bool _isChanged;
private bool _isDeleted;
private int _parentid;
private string _name;
private IList _children;

#endregion


Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor#region Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor


/**//// <summary>
/// default constructor
/// </summary>
public Parent()

{
_parentid = 0;
_name = null;
_children = new ArrayList();
}

#endregion // End of Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor


Public Properties#region Public Properties


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual int ParentId

{

get
{ return _parentid; }
set

{
_isChanged |= (_parentid != value);
_parentid = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual string Name

{

get
{ return _name; }
set

{
if (value != null)
if (value.Length > 64)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("Invalid value for Name", value, value.ToString());

_isChanged |= (_name != value);
_name = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual IList Children

{

get
{ return _children; }
set

{
_isChanged |= (_children != value);
_children = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
/// Returns whether or not the object has changed it's values.
/// </summary>
public bool IsChanged

{

get
{ return _isChanged; }
}


/**//// <summary>
/// Returns whether or not the object has changed it's values.
/// </summary>
public bool IsDeleted

{

get
{ return _isDeleted; }
}

#endregion


Public Functions#region Public Functions


/**//// <summary>
/// mark the item as deleted
/// </summary>
public void MarkAsDeleted()

{
_isDeleted = true;
_isChanged = true;
}

#endregion


Equals And HashCode Overrides#region Equals And HashCode Overrides


/**//// <summary>
/// local implementation of Equals based on unique value members
/// </summary>
public override bool Equals(object obj)

{
if (this == obj) return true;
if ((obj == null) || (obj.GetType() != GetType())) return false;
Parent castObj = (Parent) obj;
return (castObj != null) &&
(_parentid == castObj.ParentId);
}


/**//// <summary>
/// local implementation of GetHashCode based on unique value members
/// </summary>
public override int GetHashCode()

{
int hash = 57;
hash = 27*hash*_parentid.GetHashCode();
return hash;
}

#endregion
}
}
/**/ /*
/*作者:DDL
/*联系:http://renrenqq.cnblogs.com/
*/

using System;

namespace DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToMany1

{

/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
[Serializable]
public class Child

{

Private Members#region Private Members

private bool _isChanged;
private bool _isDeleted;
private int _childid;
private string _name;
private int _parentid;

#endregion


Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor#region Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor


/**//// <summary>
/// default constructor
/// </summary>
public Child()

{
_childid = 0;
_name = null;
_parentid = 0;
}

#endregion // End of Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor


Public Properties#region Public Properties


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual int ChildId

{

get
{ return _childid; }
set

{
_isChanged |= (_childid != value);
_childid = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual string Name

{

get
{ return _name; }
set

{
if (value != null)
if (value.Length > 64)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("Invalid value for Name", value, value.ToString());

_isChanged |= (_name != value);
_name = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual int ParentId

{

get
{ return _parentid; }
set

{
_isChanged |= (_parentid != value);
_parentid = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
/// Returns whether or not the object has changed it's values.
/// </summary>
public bool IsChanged

{

get
{ return _isChanged; }
}


/**//// <summary>
/// Returns whether or not the object has changed it's values.
/// </summary>
public bool IsDeleted

{

get
{ return _isDeleted; }
}

#endregion


Public Functions#region Public Functions


/**//// <summary>
/// mark the item as deleted
/// </summary>
public void MarkAsDeleted()

{
_isDeleted = true;
_isChanged = true;
}

#endregion


Equals And HashCode Overrides#region Equals And HashCode Overrides


/**//// <summary>
/// local implementation of Equals based on unique value members
/// </summary>
public override bool Equals(object obj)

{
if (this == obj) return true;
if ((obj == null) || (obj.GetType() != GetType())) return false;
Child castObj = (Child) obj;
return (castObj != null) &&
(_childid == castObj.ChildId);
}


/**//// <summary>
/// local implementation of GetHashCode based on unique value members
/// </summary>
public override int GetHashCode()

{
int hash = 57;
hash = 27*hash*_childid.GetHashCode();
return hash;
}

#endregion
}
}
3.3 示例映射文件(单向)
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
< hibernate-mapping xmlns ="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.0" >
< class name ="DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToMany1.Parent,DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation" table ="T_Parent" >

< id name ="ParentId" column ="ParentId" type ="Int32" unsaved-value ="0" >
< generator class ="native" />
</ id >
< property column ="Name" type ="String" name ="Name" length ="64" />
< bag name ="Children" cascade ="all" lazy ="true" >
< key column ="ParentId" />
< one-to-many class ="DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToMany1.Child,DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation" />
</ bag >
</ class >
</ hibernate-mapping >
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
< hibernate-mapping xmlns ="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.0" >
< class name ="DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToMany1.Child,DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation" table ="T_Child" >

< id name ="ChildId" column ="ChildId" type ="Int32" unsaved-value ="0" >
< generator class ="native" />
</ id >
< property column ="Name" type ="String" name ="Name" length ="64" />
< property column ="ParentId" type ="Int32" name ="ParentId" />
</ class >
</ hibernate-mapping >
3.4 示例映射类文件(双向)
/**/ /*
/*作者:DDL
/*联系:http://renrenqq.cnblogs.com/
*/

using System;
using System.Collections;

namespace DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToMany

{

/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
[Serializable]
public class Parent

{

Private Members#region Private Members

private bool _isChanged;
private bool _isDeleted;
private int _parentid;
private string _name;
private IList _children;

#endregion


Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor#region Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor


/**//// <summary>
/// default constructor
/// </summary>
public Parent()

{
_parentid = 0;
_name = null;
_children = new ArrayList();
}

#endregion // End of Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor


Public Properties#region Public Properties


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual int ParentId

{

get
{ return _parentid; }
set

{
_isChanged |= (_parentid != value);
_parentid = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual string Name

{

get
{ return _name; }
set

{
if (value != null)
if (value.Length > 64)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("Invalid value for Name", value, value.ToString());

_isChanged |= (_name != value);
_name = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual IList Children

{

get
{ return _children; }
set

{
_isChanged |= (_children != value);
_children = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
/// Returns whether or not the object has changed it's values.
/// </summary>
public bool IsChanged

{

get
{ return _isChanged; }
}


/**//// <summary>
/// Returns whether or not the object has changed it's values.
/// </summary>
public bool IsDeleted

{

get
{ return _isDeleted; }
}

#endregion


Public Functions#region Public Functions


/**//// <summary>
/// mark the item as deleted
/// </summary>
public void MarkAsDeleted()

{
_isDeleted = true;
_isChanged = true;
}

#endregion


Equals And HashCode Overrides#region Equals And HashCode Overrides


/**//// <summary>
/// local implementation of Equals based on unique value members
/// </summary>
public override bool Equals(object obj)

{
if (this == obj) return true;
if ((obj == null) || (obj.GetType() != GetType())) return false;
Parent castObj = (Parent) obj;
return (castObj != null) &&
(_parentid == castObj.ParentId);
}


/**//// <summary>
/// local implementation of GetHashCode based on unique value members
/// </summary>
public override int GetHashCode()

{
int hash = 57;
hash = 27*hash*_parentid.GetHashCode();
return hash;
}

#endregion
}
}
/**/ /*
/*作者:DDL
/*联系:http://renrenqq.cnblogs.com/
*/

using System;

namespace DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToMany

{

/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
[Serializable]
public class Child

{

Private Members#region Private Members

private bool _isChanged;
private bool _isDeleted;
private int _childid;
private string _name;
private Parent _parent;

#endregion


Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor#region Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor


/**//// <summary>
/// default constructor
/// </summary>
public Child()

{
_childid = 0;
_name = null;
_parent = null;
}

#endregion // End of Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor


Public Properties#region Public Properties


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual int ChildId

{

get
{ return _childid; }
set

{
_isChanged |= (_childid != value);
_childid = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual string Name

{

get
{ return _name; }
set

{
if (value != null)
if (value.Length > 64)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("Invalid value for Name", value, value.ToString());

_isChanged |= (_name != value);
_name = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual Parent Parent

{

get
{ return _parent; }
set

{
_isChanged |= (_parent != value);
_parent = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
/// Returns whether or not the object has changed it's values.
/// </summary>
public bool IsChanged

{

get
{ return _isChanged; }
}


/**//// <summary>
/// Returns whether or not the object has changed it's values.
/// </summary>
public bool IsDeleted

{

get
{ return _isDeleted; }
}

#endregion


Public Functions#region Public Functions


/**//// <summary>
/// mark the item as deleted
/// </summary>
public void MarkAsDeleted()

{
_isDeleted = true;
_isChanged = true;
}

#endregion


Equals And HashCode Overrides#region Equals And HashCode Overrides


/**//// <summary>
/// local implementation of Equals based on unique value members
/// </summary>
public override bool Equals(object obj)

{
if (this == obj) return true;
if ((obj == null) || (obj.GetType() != GetType())) return false;
Child castObj = (Child) obj;
return (castObj != null) &&
(_childid == castObj.ChildId);
}


/**//// <summary>
/// local implementation of GetHashCode based on unique value members
/// </summary>
public override int GetHashCode()

{
int hash = 57;
hash = 27*hash*_childid.GetHashCode();
return hash;
}

#endregion
}
}
3.5 示例映射类文件(双向)
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
< hibernate-mapping xmlns ="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.0" >
< class name ="DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToMany.Parent,DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation" table ="T_Parent" >

< id name ="ParentId" column ="ParentId" type ="Int32" unsaved-value ="0" >
< generator class ="native" />
</ id >
< property column ="Name" type ="String" name ="Name" length ="64" />
< bag name ="Children" cascade ="all" inverse ="true" lazy ="true" >
< key column ="ParentId" />
< one-to-many class ="DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToMany.Child,DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation" />
</ bag >
</ class >
</ hibernate-mapping >
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
< hibernate-mapping xmlns ="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.0" >
< class name ="DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToMany.Child,DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation" table ="T_Child" >

< id name ="ChildId" column ="ChildId" type ="Int32" unsaved-value ="0" >
< generator class ="native" />
</ id >
< property column ="Name" type ="String" name ="Name" length ="64" />
< many-to-one name ="Parent" column ="ParentId" class ="DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.OneToMany.Parent,DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation" />
</ class >
</ hibernate-mapping >
3.6 说明
在NHibernate配置文件中使用<set>, <list>, <map>, <bag>, <array> 和 <primitive-array>等元素来定义集合。<bag>是典型的一个,代码中我们用IList和它对应。我们以后会详细讲集合这个话题。
lazy表示允许延迟加载。表示在需要使用时才加载需要的数据。例如使用lazy时我们Load一个Parent他的Children为空,只有我们访问它的某一个Child时数据才会被加载;而不设置lazy我们Load一个Parent时其Children将同时加载。注意:使用lazy加载必须保证对应ISession的打开,否则懒加载会失败。
one-to-many可以设置单向和双向映射,设置单向时Child一段不设置many-to-one,而设置了ParentId的属性。
双向映射需要设置inverse而单向不需要。
单项映射在cascade时会对把T_Child的ParentId使用Update为Null的操作。
建议尽量使用双向映射。
4.many-to-many
4.1 数据库表结构

4.2 示例映射类文件
/**/ /*
/*作者:DDL
/*联系:http://renrenqq.cnblogs.com/
*/

using System;
using System.Collections;

namespace DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.ManyToMany

{

/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
[Serializable]
public class User

{

Private Members#region Private Members

private bool _isChanged;
private bool _isDeleted;
private int _userid;
private string _username;
private string _password;
private string _email;
private IList _roles;

#endregion


Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor#region Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor


/**//// <summary>
/// default constructor
/// </summary>
public User()

{
_userid = 0;
_username = null;
_password = null;
_email = null;
_roles = new ArrayList();
}

#endregion // End of Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor


Public Properties#region Public Properties


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual int UserId

{

get
{ return _userid; }
set

{
_isChanged |= (_userid != value);
_userid = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual string UserName

{

get
{ return _username; }
set

{
if (value != null)
if (value.Length > 64)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("Invalid value for UserName", value, value.ToString());

_isChanged |= (_username != value);
_username = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual string Password

{

get
{ return _password; }
set

{
if (value != null)
if (value.Length > 32)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("Invalid value for Password", value, value.ToString());

_isChanged |= (_password != value);
_password = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual string Email

{

get
{ return _email; }
set

{
if (value != null)
if (value.Length > 64)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("Invalid value for Email", value, value.ToString());

_isChanged |= (_email != value);
_email = value;
}
}

public IList Roles

{

get
{ return _roles; }

set
{ _roles = value; }
}


/**//// <summary>
/// Returns whether or not the object has changed it's values.
/// </summary>
public bool IsChanged

{

get
{ return _isChanged; }
}


/**//// <summary>
/// Returns whether or not the object has changed it's values.
/// </summary>
public bool IsDeleted

{

get
{ return _isDeleted; }
}

#endregion


Public Functions#region Public Functions


/**//// <summary>
/// mark the item as deleted
/// </summary>
public void MarkAsDeleted()

{
_isDeleted = true;
_isChanged = true;
}

#endregion


Equals And HashCode Overrides#region Equals And HashCode Overrides


/**//// <summary>
/// local implementation of Equals based on unique value members
/// </summary>
public override bool Equals(object obj)

{
if (this == obj) return true;
if ((obj == null) || (obj.GetType() != GetType())) return false;
User castObj = (User) obj;
return (castObj != null) &&
(_userid == castObj.UserId);
}


/**//// <summary>
/// local implementation of GetHashCode based on unique value members
/// </summary>
public override int GetHashCode()

{
int hash = 57;
hash = 27*hash*_userid.GetHashCode();
return hash;
}

#endregion
}
}
/**/ /*
/*作者:DDL
/*联系:http://renrenqq.cnblogs.com/
*/

using System;
using System.Collections;

namespace DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.ManyToMany

{

/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
[Serializable]
public class Role

{

Private Members#region Private Members

private bool _isChanged;
private bool _isDeleted;
private int _roleid;
private string _rolename;
private IList _users;

#endregion


Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor#region Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor


/**//// <summary>
/// default constructor
/// </summary>
public Role()

{
_roleid = 0;
_rolename = null;
_users = new ArrayList();
}

#endregion // End of Default ( Empty ) Class Constuctor


Public Properties#region Public Properties


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual int RoleId

{

get
{ return _roleid; }
set

{
_isChanged |= (_roleid != value);
_roleid = value;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public virtual string RoleName

{

get
{ return _rolename; }
set

{
if (value != null)
if (value.Length > 64)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("Invalid value for RoleName", value, value.ToString());

_isChanged |= (_rolename != value);
_rolename = value;
}
}

public IList Users

{

get
{ return _users; }

set
{ _users = value; }
}


/**//// <summary>
/// Returns whether or not the object has changed it's values.
/// </summary>
public bool IsChanged

{

get
{ return _isChanged; }
}


/**//// <summary>
/// Returns whether or not the object has changed it's values.
/// </summary>
public bool IsDeleted

{

get
{ return _isDeleted; }
}

#endregion


Public Functions#region Public Functions


/**//// <summary>
/// mark the item as deleted
/// </summary>
public void MarkAsDeleted()

{
_isDeleted = true;
_isChanged = true;
}

#endregion


Equals And HashCode Overrides#region Equals And HashCode Overrides


/**//// <summary>
/// local implementation of Equals based on unique value members
/// </summary>
public override bool Equals(object obj)

{
if (this == obj) return true;
if ((obj == null) || (obj.GetType() != GetType())) return false;
Role castObj = (Role) obj;
return (castObj != null) &&
(_roleid == castObj.RoleId);
}


/**//// <summary>
/// local implementation of GetHashCode based on unique value members
/// </summary>
public override int GetHashCode()

{
int hash = 57;
hash = 27*hash*_roleid.GetHashCode();
return hash;
}

#endregion
}
}
4.3 示例映射文件
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
< hibernate-mapping xmlns ="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.0" >
< class name ="DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.ManyToMany.User,DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation" table ="T_User" >

< id name ="UserId" column ="UserId" type ="Int32" unsaved-value ="0" >
< generator class ="native" />
</ id >
< property column ="UserName" type ="String" name ="UserName" not-null ="true" length ="64" />
< property column ="Password" type ="String" name ="Password" not-null ="true" length ="32" />
< property column ="Email" type ="String" name ="Email" length ="64" />

< bag name ="Roles" table ="T_User_Role" lazy ="true" >
< key column ="UserId" />
< many-to-many class ="DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.ManyToMany.Role,DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation" column ="RoleId" />
</ bag >
</ class >
</ hibernate-mapping >
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
< hibernate-mapping xmlns ="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.0" >
< class name ="DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.ManyToMany.Role,DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation" table ="T_Role" >

< id name ="RoleId" column ="RoleId" type ="Int32" unsaved-value ="0" >
< generator class ="native" />
</ id >
< property column ="RoleName" type ="String" name ="RoleName" not-null ="true" length ="64" />

< bag name ="Users" table ="T_User_Role" lazy ="true" inverse ="true" >
< key column ="RoleId" />
< many-to-many class ="DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation.ManyToMany.User,DDLLY.TestNHibernate.TestAssociation" column ="UserId" />
</ bag >


</ class >
</ hibernate-mapping >
4.4 说明
many-to-many性能不佳,数据量大时应尽可能避免使用。并尽可能使用lazy="true"。
在数据量少的一端设置inverse="true",让数据量多的一段维护cascade。
二、cascade分析
1.总述
cascade:(默认为none)级联。指明哪些操作会从对象级联到关联的对象。
orphans:孤儿,没有夫对象的子对象。对于代码Child.Parent==null,对于数据库T_Child表中ParentId为Null的数据。
delete orphans表示cascade时删除孤儿。
一般系统中是不允许孤儿存在的,我们可以通过数据库的约束来限制孤儿,例如T_Child的ParentId设为Not NULL。
如果确实存在孤儿请考虑适合的cascade策略。
cascade类型 | 对应操作 |
all | Save / Delete / Update |
all-delete-orphan | Save / Delete / Update + delete orphans |
delete-orphan | Delete + delete orphans |
none | No Cascades |
delete | Delete |
save-update | Save / Update |
2.one-to-one
a.初始化数据
PersonId | Name | Job |
1 | DDL | 编程 |
2 | LLY | NULL |
b.测试方法
TestAddPersonWithAddEmployee
Person person = new Person();
person.Name = " newPerson " ;
Employee employee = new Employee();
employee.Job = " newJob " ;
person.Employee = employee;
employee.Person = person;

session.Save(person);
TestUpdatePersonWithAddEmployee
Person person = session.Load( typeof (Person), 2 ) as Person;
person.Employee = new Employee();
person.Employee.Person = person;
person.Employee.Job = " LLYJob " ;

session.Update(person);
TestUpdatePersonWithUpdateEmployee
Person person = session.Load( typeof (Person), 1 ) as Person;
person.Employee.Job = " DDL'New Job " ;

session.Update(person);
TestDeletePersonWithDeleteEmployee
Person person = session.Load( typeof (Person), 1 ) as Person;

session.Delete(person);
c.测试结果
测试方法 | save-update | delete | delete-orphan | all | all-delete-orphan | none |
TestAddPersonWithAddEmployee | Y | N | N | Y | Y | N |
TestUpdatePersonWithAddEmployee | Y | N | N | Y | Y | N |
TestUpdatePersonWithUpdateEmployee | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
TestDeletePersonWithDeleteEmployee | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | N |
2.另一种one-to-one
a.初始化数据
PersonId | Name | EmployeeId | Job |
1 | DDL | 1 | 编程 |
2 | LLY | NULL | NULL |
b.测试方法
TestAddPersonWithAddEmployee
不支持
TestUpdatePersonWithAddEmployee
Person person = session.Load( typeof (Person), 2 ) as Person;
person.Employee = new Employee();
person.Employee.Person = person;
person.Employee.Job = " LLYJob " ;

session.Update(person);
session.Flush();
TestUpdatePersonWithUpdateEmployee
Person person = session.Load( typeof (Person), 1 ) as Person;
person.Employee.Job = " DDL'New Job " ;

session.Update(person);
session.Flush();
TestDeletePersonWithDeleteEmployee
Person person = session.Load( typeof (Person), 1 ) as Person;

session.Delete(person);
session.Flush();
c.测试结果
测试方法 | save-update | delete | delete-orphan | all | all-delete-orphan | none |
TestAddPersonWithAddEmployee | 不支持 | 不支持 | 不支持 | 不支持 | 不支持 | 不支持 |
TestUpdatePersonWithAddEmployee | Y | N | N | Y | Y | N |
TestUpdatePersonWithUpdateEmployee | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
TestDeletePersonWithDeleteEmployee | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | N |
3.one-to-many(双向)
a.初始化数据
ParentId | ParentName | ChildId | ChildName |
1 | Parent1 | 1 | Child1 |
2 | Parent2 | NULL | NULL |
b.测试方法
TestAddParentWithAddChild
Parent parent = new Parent();
parent.Name = " NewParent " ;

Child child = new Child();
child.Name = " NewChild " ;
child.Parent = parent;

parent.Children.Add(child);

session.Save(parent);
session.Flush();
TestUpdateParentWithAddChild
Parent parent = session.Load( typeof (Parent), 2 ) as Parent;

Child child = new Child();
child.Name = " NewChild " ;
child.Parent = parent;

parent.Children.Add(child);

session.Update(parent);

session.Flush();
TestUpdateParentWithUpdateChild
Parent parent = session.Load( typeof (Parent), 1 ) as Parent;

Child child = (Child) parent.Children[ 0 ];

child.Name = " UpdateName " ;

session.Update(parent);

session.Flush();
TestDeleteParentWithChild
Parent parent = session.Load( typeof (Parent), 1 ) as Parent;

session.Delete(parent);
session.Flush();
c.测试结果
测试方法 | save-update | delete | delete-orphan | all | all-delete-orphan | none |
TestAddParentWithAddChild | Y | N | N | Y | Y | N |
TestUpdateParentWithAddChild | Y | N | N | Y | Y | N |
TestUpdateParentWithUpdateChild | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
TestDeleteParentWithChild | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | N |
4.one-to-many(单向)
a.初始化数据
同上
b.测试方法
TestAddParentWithAddChild
不支持
TestUpdateParentWithAddChild
Parent parent = session.Load( typeof (Parent), 2 ) as Parent;

Child child = new Child();
child.Name = " NewChild " ;
child.ParentId = parent.ParentId;

parent.Children.Add(child);

session.Update(parent);

session.Flush();
TestUpdateParentWithUpdateChild
Parent parent = session.Load( typeof (Parent), 1 ) as Parent;

Child child = (Child) parent.Children[ 0 ];

child.Name = " UpdateName " ;

session.Update(parent);

session.Flush();
TestDeleteParentWithChild
Parent parent = session.Load( typeof (Parent), 1 ) as Parent;

session.Delete(parent);

session.Flush();
c.测试结果
测试方法 | save-update | delete | delete-orphan | all | all-delete-orphan | none |
TestAddParentWithAddChild | 不支持 | 不支持 | 不支持 | 不支持 | 不支持 | 不支持 |
TestUpdateParentWithAddChild | Y | N | N | Y | Y | N |
TestUpdateParentWithUpdateChild | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
TestDeleteParentWithChild | Parent被删除,Child成为孤儿 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Parent被删除,Child成为孤儿 |
5.many-to-many
many-to-many和别的关联映射有所不同。例子中:Role和User没有直接的依赖关系,而是通过一张中间表完成。在删除User时一般不会要求删除Role,而是删除之间的关系(即从中间表删除数据)。
a.初始化数据
UserId | UserName | Password | Email | RoleId | RoleName |
1 | DDL | 1 | NULL | 1 | 角色1 |
1 | DDL | 1 | NULL | 2 | 角色2 |
2 | LLY | 2 | NULL | 1 | 角色1 |
3 | 陌生人 | 3 | NULL | NULL | NULL |
NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | 角色3 |
b.测试方法
TestAddRoleToUser
User user = session.Load( typeof (User), 1 ) as User;
Role role = session.Load( typeof (Role), 3 ) as Role;

user.Roles.Add(role);
role.Users.Add(user);

session.Update(user);
session.Flush();
TestRemoveRoleFromUser
User user = session.Load( typeof (User), 1 ) as User;
Role role = session.Load( typeof (Role), 2 ) as Role;

user.Roles.Remove(role);
role.Users.Remove(user);

session.Update(user);
session.Flush();

TestUpdateUserWithRole
User user = session.Load( typeof (User), 2 ) as User;
((Role) user.Roles[ 0 ]).RoleName = " UpdateRole " ;

session.Update(user);
session.Flush();
TestDeleteUserWithSetRole
User user = session.Load( typeof (User), 1 ) as User;
session.Delete(user);
session.Flush();
c.测试结果
测试方法 | save-update | delete | delete-orphan | all | all-delete-orphan | none |
TestAddRoleToUser | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
TestRemoveRoleFromUser | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
TestUpdateUserWithRole | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
TestDeleteUserWithSetRole | N | Uer被删除,但和其有关的Role也被删除 | Uer被删除,但和其有关的Role也被删除 | Uer被删除,但和其有关的Role也被删除 | Uer被删除,但和其有关的Role也被删除 | N |
三、结论
关联是NHibernate里面功能很强的一块,但也使很容易滥用而造成引起性能或其他问题的地方。所以请慎重的使用。
在使用之前,请考虑好以下问题:
1.关系分析,一对多,多对多,还是一对一。
2.确定依赖关系,例如:Child依赖于Parent。
3.是否允许存在孤儿,例如:存在Child没有Parent(即在数据库中ParentId为Null的Child)。
4.在对等的关系中是否有主动端。例如:需要给Parent设置Child还是给Child找Parent,或者两边都可以操作。
5.关联两端可能出现的数据量以及在页面显示时是否分页。如果数据量大或者页面上需要分页显示,建议不要采用关联映射。如果数据量大,性能会不好,如果需要分页,关联所有数据似乎没有什么意思。
6.页面上可能的对象操作方法。例如:先读取一个Parent,然后添加Child,然后保存。
请根据你的情况设置关联映射,而对于cascade标准的设置可以满足绝大多数的需要,如一有特殊情况,请按照上面的分析选择合适的。
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