一步一步学习ASP.NET MVC3 EF Code First CTP 5DI(一)

本文主要是介绍一步一步学习ASP.NET MVC3 EF Code First CTP 5DI(一)，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！

一,摘要

本篇文章我们将使用ASP.NET MVC3,Razor,EF Code First创建Web应用程序.覆盖Unity2.0,泛型Repository以及EF Code First的工作单元.需要使用到的工具如下:

1.ASP.NET MVC 3
2.EF Code First CTP5
3.Unity2.0

二,安装工具

安装好Visual Studio2010后继续安装MVC3(http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyID=d2928bc1-f48c-4e95-a064-2a455a22c8f6)，NuGet(http://nuget.codeplex.com/)

三,建立程序

1.打开Visual Studio2010选择选择新建ASP.NET MVC 3 Web Application,取名叫MVC3DIApplication:

点确认后弹出选择框如下:
点OK,创建应用程序.

下面添加EF CTP5与Unity2.0,在刚建立的项目上右键,选择添加类库包引用,点击左边的online,在搜索框里输入Unity,找到Unity后点install.,安装成功后(图二)它自动把需要的程序集加入到项目中(图三):

然后继续搜索EFCodeFirst并安装:

三,建立领域模型

1.添加一个类库,命名MVC3DIApplication.Domain,然后在里面添加文件夹Entities,在文件夹里添加实体模型类
Category.cs:

   1: using System;

   2: using System.Collections.Generic;

   3: using System.Linq;

   4: using System.Web;

   5: using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

6:

   7: namespace MyFinance.Domain

   8: {

   9:     public class Category

  10:     {

11:

  12:         public int CategoryId { get; set; }

13:

  14:         [Required(ErrorMessage = "Name Required")]

  15:         [StringLength(25, ErrorMessage = "Must be less than 25 characters")]

  16:         public string Name { get; set;}

  17:         public string Description { get; set; }

  18:         public virtual ICollectionExpenses { get; set; }

  19:     }

  20: }

Expense.cs:

   1: using System;

   2: using System.Collections.Generic;

   3: using System.Linq;

   4: using System.Text;

5:

   6: namespace MVC3DIApplication.Domain.Entities

   7: {

   8:     public class Expense

   9:     {

  10:         public int ExpenseId { get; set; }

  11:         public string Transaction { get; set; }

  12:         public DateTime Date { get; set; }

  13:         public double Amount { get; set; }

  14:         public int CategoryId { get; set; }

  15:         public virtual Category Category { get; set; }

  16:     }

  17: }

2.继续添加类库MVC3DIApplication.Data,在其下新建一个叫MyFinanceContext的类,该类继承自DbContext,用来映射我们的模型到数据库表

   1: using System;

   2: using System.Collections.Generic;

   3: using System.Linq;

   4: using System.Text;

   5: using System.Data.Entity;

   6: using MVC3DIApplication.Domain.Entities;

7:

   8: namespace MVC3DIApplication.Data

   9: {

  10:     public class MyFinanceContext : DbContext

  11:     {

  12:         public MyFinanceContext() : base("MyFinance") { }

  13:         public DbSetCategories { get; set; }

  14:         public DbSetExpenses { get; set; }

  15:         public virtual void Commit()

  16:         {

  17:             base.SaveChanges();

  18:         }

  19:     }

  20: }

3.修改Web.comfig:

   1: <connectionStrings>

   2:       <add name="MyFinance" connectionString="data source=./MSSQLSERVER2008;Initial Catalog=MVC3DI;Persist Security Info=True;User ID=sa;Password=suzhi921;" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />

   3:       <add name="ApplicationServices" connectionString="data source=./SQLEXPRESS;Integrated Security=SSPI;AttachDBFilename=|DataDirectory|aspnetdb.mdf;User Instance=true" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />

   4:     connectionStrings>

四,建立泛型Repository

MVC3DIApplication.Data类库下建立Infrastructure文件夹,在里面添加类IRepository.cs:

   1: using System;

   2: using System.Collections.Generic;

   3: using System.Linq;

   4: using System.Text;

5:

   6: namespace MVC3DIApplication.Data.Infrastructure

   7: {

   8:     public interface IRepositorywhere T : class

   9:     {

  10:         void Add(T entity);

  11:         void Delete(T entity);

  12:         void Delete(Funcpredicate);

  13:         T GetById(long Id);

  14:         T Get(Funcwhere);

  15:         IEnumerableGetAll();

  16:         IEnumerableGetMany(Funcbool> where);

  17:     }

  18: }

IDatabaseFactory.cs:

   1: using System;

   2: using System.Collections.Generic;

   3: using System.Linq;

   4: using System.Text;

5:

   6: namespace MVC3DIApplication.Data.Infrastructure

   7: {

   8:     public interface IDatabaseFactory : IDisposable

   9:     {

  10:         MyFinanceContext Get();

  11:     }

  12: }

RepositoryBase.cs:

    1: using System;    2: using System.Collections.Generic;    3: using System.Linq;    4: using System.Text;    5: using System.Data.Entity;    6:      7: namespace MVC3DIApplication.Data.Infrastructure    8: {    9:     public abstract class RepositoryBasewhere T : class   10:     {   11:         private MyFinanceContext dataContext;   12:         private readonly IDbSetdbset;   13:         protected RepositoryBase(IDatabaseFactory databaseFactory)   14:         {   15:             DatabaseFactory = databaseFactory;   16:             dbset = DataContext.Set();   17:         }   18:     19:         protected IDatabaseFactory DatabaseFactory   20:         {   21:             get;   22:             private set;   23:         }   24:     25:         protected MyFinanceContext DataContext   26:         {   27:             get { return dataContext ?? (dataContext = DatabaseFactory.Get()); }   28:         }   29:         public virtual void Add(T entity)   30:         {   31:             dbset.Add(entity);   32:         }   33:     34:         public virtual void Delete(T entity)   35:         {   36:             dbset.Remove(entity);   37:         }   38:         public void Delete(Funcwhere)   39:         {   40:             IEnumerableobjects = dbset.Where(where).AsEnumerable();   41:             foreach (T obj in objects)   42:                 dbset.Remove(obj);   43:         }   44:         public virtual T GetById(long id)   45:         {   46:             return dbset.Find(id);   47:         }   48:     49:         public virtual IEnumerableGetAll()   50:         {   51:             return dbset.ToList();   52:         }   53:         public virtual IEnumerableGetMany(Funcbool> where)   54:         {   55:             return dbset.Where(where).ToList();   56:         }   57:         public T Get(Funcwhere)   58:         {   59:             return dbset.Where(where).FirstOrDefault();   60:         }   61:     }   62: } 

五,工作单元

工作单元主要用来维护受Business transaction影响的对象以及并发等问题
MVC3DIApplication.Data类库的Infrastructure下建立IUnitOfWork.cs:

   1: using System;

   2: using System.Collections.Generic;

   3: using System.Linq;

   4: using System.Text;

5:

   6: namespace MVC3DIApplication.Data.Infrastructure

   7: {

   8:     public interface IUnitOfWork

   9:     {

  10:         void Commit();

  11:     }

  12: }

UnitOfWork.cs:

   1: using System;

   2: using System.Collections.Generic;

   3: using System.Linq;

   4: using System.Text;

5:

   6: namespace MVC3DIApplication.Data.Infrastructure

   7: {

   8:     public class UnitOfWork : IUnitOfWork

   9:     {

  10:         private readonly IDatabaseFactory databaseFactory;

  11:         private MyFinanceContext dataContext;

12:

  13:         public UnitOfWork(IDatabaseFactory databaseFactory)

  14:         {

  15:             this.databaseFactory = databaseFactory;

  16:         }

17:

  18:         protected MyFinanceContext DataContext

  19:         {

  20:             get { return dataContext ?? (dataContext = databaseFactory.Get()); }

  21:         }

22:

  23:         public void Commit()

  24:         {

  25:             DataContext.Commit();

  26:         }

  27:     }

  28: }

六,Category Repository

MVC3DIApplication.Data类库的下建立Repositories文件夹,里面存储我们的Repositories,下面简历CategoryRepository:

   1: using System;

   2: using System.Collections.Generic;

   3: using System.Linq;

   4: using System.Text;

   5: using MVC3DIApplication.Data.Infrastructure;

   6: using MVC3DIApplication.Domain.Entities;

7:

   8: namespace MVC3DIApplication.Data.Repositories

   9: {

  10:     public class CategoryRepository : RepositoryBase, ICategoryRepository

  11:     {

  12:         public CategoryRepository(IDatabaseFactory databaseFactory)

  13:             : base(databaseFactory)

  14:         {

  15:         }

  16:     }

  17:     public interface ICategoryRepository : IRepository

  18:     {

  19:     }

  20: }

如果我们有额外的方法,那么我们能定义在上面的Repository里.

七,使用Unity2.0

我们为Unity创建一个自定义的生命周期管理器去存储当前上下文的容器,同时创建控制器工厂

    1: using System;    2: using System.Collections.Generic;    3: using System.Linq;    4: using System.Web;    5: using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;    6: using System.Web.Mvc;    7: using System.Web.Routing;    8:      9: namespace MVC3DIApplication.IoC   10: {   11:     public class UnityControllerFactory : DefaultControllerFactory   12:     {   13:         IUnityContainer container;   14:         public UnityControllerFactory(IUnityContainer container)   15:         {   16:             this.container = container;   17:         }   18:         protected override IController GetControllerInstance(RequestContext reqContext, Type controllerType)   19:         {   20:             IController controller;   21:             if (controllerType == null)   22:                 throw new HttpException(   23:                         404, String.Format(   24:                             "The controller for path '{0}' could not be found" +   25:             "or it does not implement IController.",   26:                         reqContext.HttpContext.Request.Path));   27:     28:             if (!typeof(IController).IsAssignableFrom(controllerType))   29:                 throw new ArgumentException(   30:                         string.Format(   31:                             "Type requested is not a controller: {0}",   32:                             controllerType.Name),   33:                             "controllerType");   34:             try   35:             {   36:                 //controller = MvcUnityContainer.Container.Resolve(controllerType)   37:                 //                as IController;   38:                 controller = container.Resolve(controllerType) as IController;   39:             }   40:             catch (Exception ex)   41:             {   42:                 throw new InvalidOperationException(String.Format(   43:                                         "Error resolving controller {0}",   44:                                         controllerType.Name), ex);   45:             }   46:             return controller;   47:         }   48:     49:     }   50:     public class HttpContextLifetimeManager: LifetimeManager, IDisposable   51:     {   52:         public override object GetValue()   53:         {   54:             return HttpContext.Current.Items[typeof(T).AssemblyQualifiedName];   55:         }   56:         public override void RemoveValue()   57:         {   58:             HttpContext.Current.Items.Remove(typeof(T).AssemblyQualifiedName);   59:         }   60:         public override void SetValue(object newValue)   61:         {   62:             HttpContext.Current.Items[typeof(T).AssemblyQualifiedName] = newValue;   63:         }   64:         public void Dispose()   65:         {   66:             RemoveValue();   67:         }   68:     }   69: } 

配置Unity:

    1: protected void Application_Start()    2:        {    3:            AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();    4:            RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);    5:            RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);    6:            IUnityContainer container = GetUnityContainer();    7:            DependencyResolver.SetResolver(new UnityDependencyResolver(container));    8:        }    9:     10:        private IUnityContainer GetUnityContainer()   11:        {   12:            //Create UnityContainer             13:            IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer()   14:            .RegisterType(new HttpContextLifetimeManager())   15:            .RegisterType(new HttpContextLifetimeManager())   16:            .RegisterType(new HttpContextLifetimeManager());   17:            return container;   18:        } 

八,建立控制器

    1: using System;    2: using System.Collections.Generic;    3: using System.Linq;    4: using System.Web;    5: using System.Web.Mvc;    6: using MyFinance.Data;    7: using MyFinance.Data.Infrastructure;    8: using MyFinance.Domain;    9: using MyFinance.Helpers;   10: using MyFinance.Service;   11: namespace MyFinance.Web.Controllers   12: {   13:      14: public class CategoryController : Controller   15: {   16:     private readonly ICategoryRepository categoryRepository;   17:     private readonly IUnitOfWork unitOfWork;   18:     19:         public CategoryController(ICategoryRepository categoryRepository, IUnitOfWork unitOfWork)   20:     {   21:      this.categoryRepository = categoryRepository;   22:         this.unitOfWork = unitOfWork;   23:     }     24:     public ActionResult Index()   25:     {   26:         var categories = categoryRepository.GetAll();   27:         return View(categories);   28:     }   29:     [HttpGet]   30:     public ActionResult Edit(int id)   31:     {   32:         var category = categoryRepository.GetById(id);   33:         return View(category);   34:     }   35:     36:     [HttpPost]   37:     public ActionResult Edit(int id, FormCollection collection)   38:     {   39:         var category = categoryRepository.GetById(id);   40:         if (TryUpdateModel(category))   41:         {   42:             unitOfWork.Commit();   43:             return RedirectToAction("Index");   44:         }   45:         else return View(category);               46:     }    47:     48:     [HttpGet]   49:     public ActionResult Create()   50:     {   51:         var category = new Category();   52:         return View(category);   53:     }   54:         55:     [HttpPost]   56:     public ActionResult Create(Category category)   57:     {   58:         if (!ModelState.IsValid)   59:         {   60:             return View("Create", category);   61:         }               62:         categoryRepository.Add(category);    63:         unitOfWork.Commit();   64:         return RedirectToAction("Index");   65:     }   66:     67:     [HttpPost]   68:     public ActionResult Delete(int  id)   69:    {   70:         var category = categoryRepository.GetById(id);   71:         categoryRepository.Delete(category);   72:         unitOfWork.Commit();   73:        var categories = categoryRepository.GetAll();   74:        return PartialView("CategoryList", categories);   75:     76:     }          77: }   78: } 

九,建立视图

CategoryList.cshtml:

    1: @using MVC3DIApplication.Domain.Entities;    2: @model IEnumerable<Category>       3:   <table>    4:         <tr>     5:         <th>Actionsth>    6:         <th>Nameth>    7:          <th>Descriptionth>    8:         tr>    9:     @foreach (var item in Model) {       10:         <tr>   11:             <td>   12:                 @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit",new { id = item.CategoryId })   13:                 @Ajax.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id = item.CategoryId },   14:                 new AjaxOptions { Confirm = "Delete Expense?", HttpMethod = "Post",    15:                     UpdateTargetId = "divCategoryList" })                 16:             td>   17:             <td>   18:                 @item.Name   19:             td>   20:             <td>   21:                 @item.Description   22:             td>   23:         tr>   24:        25:     }   26:     27:     table>   28:     <p>   29:         @Html.ActionLink("Create New", "Create")   30:     p> 

Index.cshtml:

   1: @model IEnumerable<MVC3DIApplication.Domain.Entities.Category>

   2: @{

   3:     ViewBag.Title = "Index";

   4: }

   5: <h2>Category Listh2>

   6: <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.min.js")" type="text/javascript">script>

   7:    <div id="divCategoryList">

   8:     @Html.Partial("CategoryList", Model)

   9: div>

Create.cshtml:

    1: @model MVC3DIApplication.Domain.Entities.Category    2:      3: @{    4:     ViewBag.Title = "Create";    5: }    6:      7: <h2>Createh2>    8:      9: <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.min.js")" type="text/javascript">script>   1:     2:  