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我们有一个数据表模型如下，需要将这个数据对象序列化为json格式
class Articles(models.Model):id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) # idtitle = models.CharField(max_length=150) # 博客标题# body = models.TextField() # 博客正文body = MDTextField()timestamp = models.DateTimeField() # 创建时间authorname = models.ForeignKey('blog.BlogUser', on_delete=models.CASCADE) # 作者姓名views = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0)category = models.ForeignKey(Category, on_delete=models.CASCADE, primary_key=False)tags = models.ManyToManyField(Tag, blank=True, null=True)greats = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0)comments = models.IntegerField(default=0)status = models.CharField(max_length=20, default="DEL")brief = models.CharField(max_length=200, blank=True, null=True)pic = models.ImageField(upload_to='jiablogimages')# bodypic = models.ImageField(upload_to='jiablogimages', blank=True, null=True)istop = models.CharField(max_length=5, default='', null=True, blank=True)articlebodybrief = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)last_edit_timestamp = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name="更新时间", editable=True)url_slug = models.SlugField(editable=False, max_length=200)
from django.core import serializers@require_http_methods(["GET"])
def show_books(request):response = {}try:articles = Articles.objects.filter(status="有效").order_by("id")response['list'] = json.loads(serializers.serialize("json", articles, ensure_ascii=False))response['msg'] = 'success'response['error_num'] = 0except Exception as e:response['msg'] = str(e)response['error_num'] = 1return HttpResponse(json.dumps(response, ensure_ascii=False))这里没啥问题，重点是模型中使用了外键和多对多的时候，序列化无法展示完整名称
会出现这样的情况，外键和多对多关联的数据都只展示了id
{"model": "blog.articles","pk": 111,"fields": {"title": "Django个人博客搭建教程---使用Pygments和markdown实现代码高亮","body": "views.py\r\n```python\r\nimport markdown\r\nfrom markdown.extensions.toc import TocExtension\r\n \r\n \r\ndef blog_detail(request, article_id, slug):\r\n try:\r\n thisarticle = get_object_or_404(Articles, id=article_id, status='有效')\r\n if thisarticle.url_slug != slug:\r\n return render(request, '404.html')\r\n thisarticle.increase_views()\r\n except Exception as e:\r\n return render(request, '404.html')\r\n md = markdown.Markdown(extensions=[\r\n 'markdown.extensions.extra',\r\n 'markdown.extensions.codehilite',\r\n # 'markdown.extensions.toc',\r\n TocExtension(slugify=slugify)\r\n ])\r\n thisarticle.body = md.convert(thisarticle.body)\r\n context = {\r\n 'blog': thisarticle,\r\n 'toc': md.toc,\r\n \r\n }\r\n return render(request, 'single.html', context=context) # 返回info.html页面\r\n```\r\n使用Pygments生成css\r\n```\r\npygmentize -f html -a .codehilite -S tango > tango.css \r\n```\r\n-a .codehilite指所有css选择器都具有.codehilite这一祖先选择器\r\n-S default就是指定所需要的样式了，各位可以对各种样式都尝试一下。\r\n> tango.css将内容输出到tango.css文件中\r\n\r\n关于样式，可以在python环境中查看\r\n```shell\r\nArithmetic@qingjiaowosuanshujiadeMacBook-Pro MyBlog % python3\r\nPython 3.6.6 (v3.6.6:4cf1f54eb7, Jun 26 2018, 19:50:54) \r\n[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 6.0 (clang-600.0.57)] on darwin\r\nType \"help\", \"copyright\", \"credits\" or \"license\" for more information.\r\n>>> from pygments.styles import STYLE_MAP\r\n>>> STYLE_MAP.keys()\r\ndict_keys(['default', 'emacs', 'friendly', 'colorful', 'autumn', 'murphy', 'manni', 'monokai', 'perldoc', 'pastie', 'borland', 'trac', '\r\nnative', 'fruity', 'bw', 'vim', 'vs', 'tango', 'rrt', 'xcode', 'igor', 'paraiso-light', 'paraiso-dark', 'lovelace', 'algol', 'algol_nu', 'arduino',\r\n'rainbow_dash', 'abap', 'solarized-dark', 'solarized-light', 'sas', 'stata', 'stata-light', 'stata-dark', 'inkpot'])\r\n>>> \r\n```\r\n在html文件中使用css\r\n```html\r\n<link type=\"text/css\" rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"/static/css/tango.css\">\r\n```\r\n我选择的就是tango，效果如下\r\n","timestamp": "2020-02-16T17:09:59","authorname": 1,"views": 9,"category": 1,"greats": 0,"comments": 0,"status": "有效","brief": null,"pic": "jiablogimages/photo-1581794860915-341d339f0dde_gaitubao_800x450.jpg","istop": null,"articlebodybrief": "views.py\r\npython\r\nimport markdown\r\nfrom markdown.extensions.toc import TocExtension\r\n \r\n \r\ndef blog_detail(request, article_id, slug):\r\n try:\r\n thisarticle = get_object_or_404(Articles, id=a","last_edit_timestamp": "2020-02-16T17:58:55.064","url_slug": "djangoge-ren-bo-ke-da-jian-jiao-cheng-shi-yong-pygmentshe-markdownshi-xian-dai-ma-gao-liang","tags": [1,3]}
}只要在序列化的时候加上
use_natural_foreign_keys=True像这样
from django.core import serializers@require_http_methods(["GET"])
def show_books(request):response = {}try:articles = Articles.objects.filter(status="有效").order_by("id")response['list'] = json.loads(serializers.serialize("json", articles, use_natural_foreign_keys=True, ensure_ascii=False))response['msg'] = 'success'response['error_num'] = 0except Exception as e:response['msg'] = str(e)response['error_num'] = 1return HttpResponse(json.dumps(response, ensure_ascii=False))然后在对应的外键和多对多关联的数据表模型中加上
def natural_key(self):return self.__str__()完整示例如下
class Category(models.Model):"""Django 要求模型必须继承 models.Model 类。Category 只需要一个简单的分类名 name 就可以了。CharField 指定了分类名 name 的数据类型，CharField 是字符型，CharField 的 max_length 参数指定其最大长度，超过这个长度的分类名就不能被存入数据库。当然 Django 还为我们提供了多种其它的数据类型，如日期时间类型 DateTimeField、整数类型 IntegerField 等等。Django 内置的全部类型可查看文档：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/models/fields/#field-types"""id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)name = models.CharField(max_length=100)def natural_key(self):return self.__str__()def catcount(self):return Articles.objects.filter(category__name__exact=self.name).filter(status='有效').count()def __str__(self):return self.nameclass Tag(models.Model):"""标签 Tag 也比较简单，和 Category 一样。再次强调一定要继承 models.Model 类！"""id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)name = models.CharField(max_length=100)def natural_key(self):return self.__str__()def __str__(self):return self.name
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