本文主要是介绍【Oracle】设置FGA(Fine-Grained Audit)细粒度审计，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！
文章目录
- 【Oracle】设置FGA(Fine-Grained Audit)细粒度审计
- 参考
【声明】文章仅供学习交流，观点代表个人，与任何公司无关。
编辑|SQL和数据库技术(ID:SQLplusDB)
收集Oracle数据库内存相关的信息
【Oracle】ORA-32017和ORA-00384错误处理
【Oracle】设置FGA(Fine-Grained Audit)细粒度审计
FGA(Fine-Grained Audit)细粒度审计是Oracle提供的一种数据库审计方法，用于创建定制的审计设置。
可以通过调用Oracle的包DBMS_FGA.ADD_POLICY创建policy(审计策略)。
下面是一个简单的测试。
- 设置FGA审计策略
conn scott/tigerBEGIN DBMS_FGA.ADD_POLICY(object_schema => 'SCOTT',object_name => 'EMP',policy_name => 'EMP_ENAME',audit_column => 'ENAME',enable => TRUE,statement_types => 'DELETE,UPDATE,INSERT,SELECT',audit_trail => DBMS_FGA.DB_EXTENDED,audit_column_opts =>DBMS_FGA.ANY_COLUMNS);END;/
２．查看设置的审计策略
set pages 1000set line 200set trims oncol OBJECT_SCHEMA for a12col OBJECT_NAME for a15col POLICY_NAME for a30col POLICY_COLUMN for a25col AUDIT_TRAIL for a12select OBJECT_SCHEMA,OBJECT_NAME,POLICY_NAME,ENABLED,SEL,INS,UPD,DEL,AUDIT_TRAIL,POLICY_COLUMN from ALL_AUDIT_POLICIESorder by OBJECT_SCHEMA,OBJECT_NAME,POLICY_NAME;
- 重启数据库
conn / as sysdba
shutdown immediate
startup
4.执行 expdp导出数据（成功导出12条数据）
expdp scott/tiger directory=DUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=emp.dmp LOGFILE=DUMP_DIR:emp.log REUSE_DUMPFILES=Y TABLES=SCOTT.EMP
- 删除数据trunccate
conn scott/tigertruncate table emp;
6.执行impdp导入数据（成功导入12条数据）
impdp scott/tiger directory=DUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=emp.dmp LOGFILE=DUMP_DIR:emp.log TABLES=SCOTT.EMP CONTENT=DATA_ONLY
SQL> host impdp scott/tiger directory=DUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=emp.dmp LOGFILE=DUMP_DIR:emp.log TABLES=SCOTT.EMP CONTENT=DATA_ONLYImport: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 星期日 1月 21 09:41:07 2024
Version 19.3.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.连接到: Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
已成功加载/卸载了主表 "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01"
启动 "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=DUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=emp.dmp LOGFILE=DUMP_DIR:emp.log TABLES=SCOTT.EMP CONTENT=DATA_ONLY
处理对象类型 TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . 导入了 "SCOTT"."EMP" 9.132 KB 12 行
作业 "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" 已于 星期日 1月 21 09:41:15 2024 elapsed 0 00:00:07 成功完成
7.确认FGA_LOG$的审计结果（FG审计log中输出import的操作记录）
conn sys/PWset lin 2000 set pages 1000 col DB_USER format a10col OS_USER format a10col POLICY_NAME format a20col SQL_TEXT format a100select to_char(TIMESTAMP,'YYYYMMDDHH24MISS'),DB_USER,OS_USER,POLICY_NAME,SQL_TEXT from dba_fga_audit_trail order by timestamp desc;
结果例：
SQL> select to_char(TIMESTAMP,'YYYYMMDDHH24MISS'),DB_USER,OS_USER,POLICY_NAME,SQL_TEXT2 from dba_fga_audit_trail3 order by timestamp desc;TO_CHAR(TIMESTAMP,'YYYYMMDDH DB_USER OS_USER POLICY_NAME SQL_TEXT
---------------------------- ---------- ---------- -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20240121094115 SCOTT OracleServ EMP_ENAME INSERT /*+ APPEND PARALLEL("EMP",1)+*/ INTO RELATIONAL("SCOTT"."EMP" NOT XMLTYPE) ("EMPNO","ENAME","iceORCL JOB","MGR","HIREDATE","SAL","COMM","DEPTNO")SELECT "EMPNO","ENAME","JOB","MGR","HIREDATE","SAL","COMM","DEPTNO"FROM "ET$01EF9D620001" KU$
8.测试结束，删除策略。
BEGINDBMS_FGA.DROP_POLICY(object_schema => 'SCOTT',object_name => 'EMP',policy_name => 'EMP_ENAME');
END;
/
参考
32 Auditing Specific Activities with Fine-Grained Auditing
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/dbseg/auditing-specific-activities-fine-grained-auditing1.html#GUID-B706FF6F-13A6-4944-AFCB-29971F5076FD
这篇关于【Oracle】设置FGA(Fine-Grained Audit)细粒度审计的文章就介绍到这儿，希望我们推荐的文章对编程师们有所帮助！
