极致安卓之—Termux安装Linux(超简易)

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系列文章目录

嵌入式开发之初学shell(1)

在ubuntu20.04下搭建lamp环境并制作静态网页

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前言

Termux 基本实现 Linux 下的许多基本操作。可以使用 Termux 安装 python，并实现 python 编程，可以用手机架设 Server，同样可以用于渗透测试等等。

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一、Termux是什么？

Termux 是 Android 平台上的一个终端模拟器，它将众多 Linux 上运行的软件和工具近乎完美的移植到了手机端。
无需任何复杂的安装和配置过程，软件装好以后即会自动配置一个基本的运行环境，用以执行一些常见的 Linux 命令。
最为关键的是，它还内置了功能健全的包管理工具，可以使用类似于 Ubuntu 系统的 apt （或 pkg）命令安装额外的软件包。

二、操作步骤

1.安装Termux

链接：https://developer.android.google.cn/distribute/google-play/

下载-安装-运行

Welcome to Termux!Community forum: https://termux.com/community
Gitter chat:     https://gitter.im/termux/termux
IRC channel:     #termux on libera.chatWorking with packages:* Search packages:   pkg search <query>* Install a package: pkg install <package>* Upgrade packages:  pkg upgradeSubscribing to additional repositories:* Root:     pkg install root-repo* X11:      pkg install x11-repoReport issues at https://termux.com/issues

2.update && upgrade

代码如下（示例）：

~ $ apt update
~ $ apt upgrade

After this operation, 3322 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y

该处键入y继续

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3.替换镜像源

如果是国外的源，也就是我们需要去访问国外的服务器来更新包，访问速度是非常慢的。替换镜之后安装软件更快，之前都是几十KB每秒，替换过后就是几MB每秒。替换镜像源可以使得安装速度变快，成功率提高，这里选择清华大学镜像源：

~ $ sed -i 's@^\(deb.*stable main\)$@#\1\ndeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/termux/termux-packages-24 stable main@' $PREFIX/etc/apt/sources.list

~ $ sed -i 's@^\(deb.*games stable\)$@#\1\ndeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/termux/game-packages-24 games stable@' $PREFIX/etc/apt/sources.list.d/game.list
```c
~ $ sed -i 's@^\(deb.*science stable\)$@#\1\ndeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/termux/science-packages-24 science stable@' $PREFIX/etc/apt/sources.list.d/science.list

全部执行完后更新

~ $ apt update

4.安装基础件proot-distro

~ $ pkg install tsu

效果如下：

Checking availability of current mirror: ok
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:tsu
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 4508 B of archives.
After this operation, 57.3 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 https://packages.termux.org/apt/termux-main stable/main aarch64 tsu all 8.6.0 [4508 B]
Fetched 4508 B in 1s (3903 B/s)
Selecting previously unselected package tsu.
(Reading database ... 4158 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../apt/archives/tsu_8.6.0_all.deb ...
Unpacking tsu (8.6.0) ...
Setting up tsu (8.6.0) ...
~ $ pkg install tsu
Checking availability of current mirror: ok
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
tsu is already the newest version (8.6.0).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

5.查看可以可安装的Linux系统

~ $ proot-distro list

可以看到：

Supported distributions:* Alpine Linux (edge)Alias: alpineStatus: NOT installed* Arch LinuxAlias: archlinuxStatus: NOT installed* Debian (bullseye)Alias: debianStatus: NOT installed* Fedora (35)Alias: fedoraStatus: NOT installed* Manjaro AArch64Alias: manjaro-aarch64Status: NOT installedComment: Only for AArch64 hosts.* OpenSUSE (Tumbleweed)Alias: opensuseStatus: NOT installed* Ubuntu (impish)Alias: ubuntuStatus: NOT installed* Void LinuxAlias: voidStatus: NOT installedInstall selected one with: proot-distro install <alias>

6.选择需要的linux系统安装（本次选择Ubuntu）

~ $ proot-distro install ubuntu

可以看到：

[*] Installing Ubuntu (impish)...
[*] Creating directory '/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/var/lib/proot-distro/installed-rootfs/ubuntu'...
[*] Creating directory '/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/var/lib/proot-distro/dlcache'...
[*] Downloading rootfs tarball...% Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  CurrentDload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:-  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:-100   670  100   670    0     0    788      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--   7890     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:--  0:0  0 31.4M    0  159k    0     0  72738      0  0:07:33  0:0  6 31.4M    6 1935k    0     0   597k      0  0:00:53  0:0 14 31.4M   14 4751k    0     0  1119k      0  0:00:28  0:0 23 31.4M   23 7648k    0     0  1457k      0  0:00:22  0:0 33 31.4M   33 10.4M    0     0  1707k      0  0:00:18  0:0 44 31.4M   44 13.8M    0     0  1962k      0  0:00:16  0:0 51 31.4M   51 16.2M    0     0  2020k      0  0:00:15  0:0 60 31.4M   60 18.9M    0     0  2101k      0  0:00:15  0:0 72 31.4M   72 22.7M    0     0  2271k      0  0:00:14  0:0 83 31.4M   83 26.2M    0     0  2389k      0  0:00:13  0:0 97 31.4M   97 30.8M    0     0  2578k      0  0:00:12  0:0100 31.4M  100 31.4M    0     0  2560k      0  0:00:12  0:00:12 --:--:-- 3582k[*] Checking integrity, please wait...
[*] Extracting rootfs, please wait...
[*] Writing '/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/var/lib/proot-distro/installed-rootfs/ubuntu/etc/profile.d/termux-proot.sh'...
[*] Writing resolv.conf file (NS 1.1.1.1/1.0.0.1)...
[*] Writing hosts file...
[*] Registering Android-specific UIDs and GIDs...
[*] Running distro-specific configuration steps...
gvfs-daemons set on hold.
udisks2 set on hold.
[*] Installation finished.
Now run 'proot-distro login ubuntu' to log in.

如果此时再次输入~ $ proot-distro list 可以看到对应的版本已经安装。

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• 至此我们在手机上安装linux就完成了，后面可以继续安装图形化界面（安装VNC viewer）

总结

• 要更换国内镜像源，保下载安装过程的稳定性。
• 安装过程中不要切换界面，以免安装失败。

参考链接：

• https://www.csdn.net/tags/Mtzakg1sMjA1MjMtYmxvZwO0O0OO0O0O.html
• https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_47715368/article/details/123602016?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501

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