[VisualStudioCode]_[VSCODE]_[C/C++开发环境配置-问题解决和补充]

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场景

在使用VSCode配置C++的开发环境时《VisualStudioCode_C/C++开发环境配置^[1]》，编译时会发现找不到标准库的std::mutex和std::thread的声明，而这两个的头文件已经引入，什么情况？
无论如何MinGW都是Windows上验证开发C++特性比较新的工具，就是配置麻烦点。其实免费的话配置麻烦是可以接受的。想避免麻烦的话可以直接使用vsstudio的社区版。

说明

MingGW的预编译版本官方推荐的是在niXman mingw-builds-binaries下载。这个版本我们发现有posix和win32版本，如果下载使用的是win32版本，那么如果要使用标准库thread,必须安装了gthread第三方库。而这个库一般是和gtk一起安装的，很少会用到，就会导致用不了<thread>。解决办法是使用posix线程的版本。如:

https://github.com/niXman/mingw-builds-binaries/releases/download/13.2.0-rt_v11-rev0/x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-msvcrt-rt_v11-rev0.7z

如果配置了MinGW的bin目录在环境变量path,就不会出现链接问题。如果像我那样不想配置环境变量，需要模拟普通用户一样的环境，集成的终端就会出现以下错误。

Build finished with error(s).

E:\software\MinGW-w64\x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-msvcrt-rt_v11-rev0\bin\g++.exe -std=c++11 -IE:\software\MinGW-w64\x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-msvcrt-rt_v11-rev0\lib\gcc\x86_64-w64-mingw32\13.2.0\include\c++ -g -o E:\Project\Sample\08.cpp-test\test-synchronized\Debug-MinGW\test-synchronized.exe E:\Project\Sample\08.cpp-test\test-synchronized\test-synchronized\test-synchronized.cpp E:\Project\Sample\08.cpp-test\test-synchronized\test-synchronized\bas_lock.cpp

如果想看具体的信息，那么在外部终端运行，会弹出以下错误。在mingw安装目录下搜索这个cc1plus.exe命令，之后用Dependencies发现它缺少libwinpthread-1.dll文件，而这个文件是在mingw的安装目录bin下。因此编译链接需要有这个bin在搜索路径里，可以在tasks.json里设置当前编译目录是..\bin目录。方法是在options->cwd里设置。

在这里插入图片描述

{"version": "2.0.0","tasks": [{..."options": {"cwd": "E:\\software\\MinGW-w64\\x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-msvcrt-rt_v11-rev0\\bin"},...}]
}

在Debug运行的时候如果报错无法调试，也是因为没有配置gdb的搜索路径，gdb也是需要依赖bin目录下的其他文件。所以需要在launch.json配置environment属性值。

ERROR: Unable to start debugging. Unexpected GDB output from command "-exec-run". During startup program exited with code 0xc000007b.

"environment": [{"name": "path","value": ";%path%;E:\\software\\MinGW-w64\\x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-msvcrt-rt_v11-rev0\\bin"}],

在tasks.json里配置的编译参数，如果要编译多个文件，可以使用gcc的参数。如果要从任意文件都可以按F5编译运行，那么就需要使用${workspaceFolder}变量^[3]。

"args": ["-std=c++11","-IE:\\software\\MinGW-w64\\x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-msvcrt-rt_v11-rev0\\lib\\gcc\\x86_64-w64-mingw32\\13.2.0\\include\\c++","-g","-o","${workspaceFolder}\\Debug-MinGW\\test-synchronized.exe","${workspaceFolder}\\test-synchronized\\test-synchronized.cpp","${workspaceFolder}\\test-synchronized\\bas_lock.cpp"],

例子

这里是优化后的配置, 关键的3个文件，都需要放在.vscode目录下。当然也可以自己配置执行Makefile的编译。

tasks.json 编译链接配置

{"version": "2.0.0","tasks": [{"type": "cppbuild","label": "test-synchronized","command": "E:\\software\\MinGW-w64\\x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-msvcrt-rt_v11-rev0\\bin\\g++.exe","args": ["-std=c++11","-IE:\\software\\MinGW-w64\\x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-msvcrt-rt_v11-rev0\\lib\\gcc\\x86_64-w64-mingw32\\13.2.0\\include\\c++","-g","-o","${workspaceFolder}\\Debug-MinGW\\test-synchronized.exe","${workspaceFolder}\\test-synchronized\\test-synchronized.cpp","${workspaceFolder}\\test-synchronized\\bas_lock.cpp"],"options": {"cwd": "E:\\software\\MinGW-w64\\x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-msvcrt-rt_v11-rev0\\bin"},"problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],"group": "build","detail": "compiler: g++.exe"}]
}

c_cpp_properties.json 智能感知声明跳转配置

{"configurations": [{"name": "MinGW-G++","includePath": ["${workspaceFolder}/**","E:\\software\\MinGW-w64\\x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-msvcrt-rt_v11-rev0\\include","E:\\software\\MinGW-w64\\x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-msvcrt-rt_v11-rev0\\x86_64-w64-mingw32\\include","E:\\software\\MinGW-w64\\x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-msvcrt-rt_v11-rev0\\lib\\gcc\\x86_64-w64-mingw32\\13.2.0\\include\\c++","E:\\software\\MinGW-w64\\x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-msvcrt-rt_v11-rev0\\lib\\gcc\\x86_64-w64-mingw32\\13.2.0\\include","E:/software/MinGW-w64/x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-msvcrt-rt_v11-rev0/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/include/c++/x86_64-w64-mingw32"],"defines": ["_DEBUG","UNICODE","_UNICODE"],"windowsSdkVersion": "10.0.22621.0","compilerPath": "E:\\software\\MinGW-w64\\x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-msvcrt-rt_v11-rev0\\bin\\g++.exe","cStandard": "c17","cppStandard": "c++11","intelliSenseMode": "windows-gcc-x64","compilerArgs": []}],"version": 4
}

launch.json 运行配置

{// Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.// Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.// For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387"version": "0.2.0","configurations": [{  "name": "MinGW gdb launch","type": "cppdbg","request": "launch","program": "${workspaceFolder}\\Debug-MinGW\\test-synchronized.exe","args": [],"stopAtEntry": false,"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}","externalConsole": false,"environment": [{"name": "path","value": ";%path%;E:\\software\\MinGW-w64\\x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-msvcrt-rt_v11-rev0\\bin"}],"preLaunchTask": "test-synchronized","MIMode": "gdb","logging": {"moduleLoad": true,"trace": true},// "windows": {"options": {"env": {"path":"C:\\Windows;C:\\Windows\\System32;E:\\software\\cygwin64\\bin"}}},"miDebuggerPath": "E:\\software\\MinGW-w64\\x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-msvcrt-rt_v11-rev0\\bin\\gdb.exe","setupCommands": [{"description": "asdfas","text": "-enable-pretty-printing","ignoreFailures": true}] } ]
}