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摘要：[几种相机视角] 3D预览图视角：鼠标拖动，滚轮缩放。只能沿着中心点。第一视角：WSAD分别控制视角的前后左右移动，EQ分别控制上下移动，滚轮控制移动速度。[画正方体线框]
文章目录
- 几种相机视角
- 头文件
- 3D预览图视角
- 第一视角
- 画正方体线框
- 球面上均匀取点
几种相机视角
相机视角放在项目代码里而不是raylib的库代码里，因为每个项目对相机视角的要求都太不一样。常用的几种视角的代码在下面给出。
头文件
几种相机视角共用一个头文件。
#ifndef UTILS_H
#define UTILS_H
#include "raylib.h"#if defined(__cplusplus)
extern "C" {
#endifvoid Init_Camera(Camera *camera);
void Update_Camera(Camera *camera);#if defined(__cplusplus)
}
#endif#endif // UTILS_H
3D预览图视角
鼠标拖动，滚轮缩放。只能沿着中心点。
/*3D预览图视角*/
#include <math.h>
#include "camera.h"#define SENSITIVITY 0.01f
#define CameraMoveExponential 0.9f
#define VAL_LIMIT(x, min, max) (((x)<=(min) ? (min) : ((x)>=(max) ? (max) : (x))))float yaw, pit, dist;void Init_Camera(Camera *camera)
{Vector2 vec;camera->position = (Vector3){ 0.0f, -20.0f, 20.0f };camera->target = (Vector3){ 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f };camera->up = (Vector3){ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };camera->fovy = 45.0f;vec.x = camera->target.x - camera->position.x;vec.y = camera->target.y - camera->position.y;yaw = atan2f(vec.y, vec.x);vec.x = sqrtf(vec.x*vec.x + vec.y*vec.y);vec.y = camera->target.z - camera->position.z;pit = atan2f(vec.y, vec.x);dist = sqrtf(vec.x*vec.x + vec.y*vec.y);
}void Update_Camera(Camera *camera)
{static Vector2 mousePosPre;Vector2 mousePosNew, mousePosDelta;float mouseWheelMove = GetMouseWheelMove();dist *= pow(CameraMoveExponential, mouseWheelMove);if (IsMouseButtonPressed(MOUSE_BUTTON_LEFT))mousePosPre = GetMousePosition();if (IsMouseButtonDown(MOUSE_BUTTON_LEFT)) {mousePosNew = GetMousePosition();mousePosDelta.x = mousePosNew.x - mousePosPre.x;mousePosDelta.y = mousePosNew.y - mousePosPre.y;mousePosPre = mousePosNew;yaw += -SENSITIVITY * mousePosDelta.x;pit += -SENSITIVITY * mousePosDelta.y;pit = VAL_LIMIT(pit, -1.57, 1.57);}Vector3 vec = (Vector3){cosf(pit)*cosf(yaw), cosf(pit)*sinf(yaw), sinf(pit)};vec = Vector3Scale(vec, dist);camera->position = Vector3Subtract(camera->target, vec);
}
第一视角
WSAD分别控制视角的前后左右移动，EQ分别控制上下移动，滚轮控制移动速度。
#include "camera.h"
#include <math.h>#define CameraMoveSpeedInit 0.2f
#define VAL_LIMIT(x, min, max) (((x)<=(min) ? (min) : ((x)>=(max) ? (max) : (x))))
#define MouseMoveSensitivity 0.003f
#define MouseScrolSensitivity 1.5f
#define CameraMoveExponential 1.2ftypedef struct {Vector3 r;Vector3 v;
} RadiusVelocity;typedef enum {MOVE_FRONT = 0,MOVE_BACK,MOVE_RIGHT,MOVE_LEFT,MOVE_UP,MOVE_DOWN
} KeyMoves;float pit, rol, yaw;
Vector2 previousMousePosition;
const int moveControl[6] = { 'W', 'S', 'D', 'A', 'E', 'Q' };
float CameraMoveSpeed = CameraMoveSpeedInit;void SetCameraSpeed(float speed) {CameraMoveSpeed=speed;}
float GetCameraSpeed() { return CameraMoveSpeed; }void Init_Camera(Camera *camera)
{camera->position = (Vector3){ 0.0f, -30.0f, 30.0f };camera->target = (Vector3){ 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f };camera->up = (Vector3){ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };camera->fovy = 45.0f;Vector3 delta = Vector3Subtract(camera->target, camera->position);pit = atan(delta.z / sqrt(delta.x*delta.x + delta.y*delta.y));rol = 0;yaw = atan2(delta.y, delta.x) - PI/2;pit = VAL_LIMIT(pit, -1.57f, 1.57f);previousMousePosition = GetMousePosition();CameraMoveSpeed = CameraMoveSpeed;DisableCursor();
}void Update_Camera(Camera *camera)
{Vector2 mousePositionDelta;Vector2 mousePosition = GetMousePosition();float mouseWheelMove = GetMouseWheelMove();CameraMoveSpeed *= pow(CameraMoveExponential, mouseWheelMove);char direction[3] = {IsKeyDown(moveControl[MOVE_RIGHT]) - IsKeyDown(moveControl[MOVE_LEFT]),IsKeyDown(moveControl[MOVE_FRONT]) - IsKeyDown(moveControl[MOVE_BACK]),IsKeyDown(moveControl[MOVE_UP]) - IsKeyDown(moveControl[MOVE_DOWN]),};mousePositionDelta.x = mousePosition.x - previousMousePosition.x;mousePositionDelta.y = mousePosition.y - previousMousePosition.y;previousMousePosition = mousePosition;float dx = direction[0] * CameraMoveSpeed;float dy = direction[1] * CameraMoveSpeed;float dz = direction[2] * CameraMoveSpeed;camera->position.x += dx * cos(pit)*cos(yaw) - dy * cos(pit)*sin(yaw);camera->position.y += dx * cos(pit)*sin(yaw) + dy * cos(pit)*cos(yaw);camera->position.z += dz + dy*sin(pit);pit -= (MouseMoveSensitivity * mousePositionDelta.y);yaw -= (MouseMoveSensitivity * mousePositionDelta.x);pit = VAL_LIMIT(pit, -1.57f, 1.57f);camera->target.x = camera->position.x - cosf(pit)*sinf(yaw);camera->target.y = camera->position.y + cosf(pit)*cosf(yaw);camera->target.z = camera->position.z + sinf(pit);
}
画正方体线框
#include "camera.h"
typedef unsigned char u8;
#define SIDEWIDTH 3int main(void) {Camera camera;Vector3 Pstart, Pend;u8 state;SetConfigFlags(FLAG_MSAA_4X_HINT);SetTargetFPS(60);SetWindowMonitor(1);SetConfigFlags(FLAG_FULLSCREEN_MODE);InitGraph(0, 0, "RayLib-3D");Init_Camera(&camera);while (!WindowShouldClose()) {Update_Camera(&camera);BeginDrawing();ClearBackground(RAYWHITE);BeginMode3D(camera);// DrawGrid(120, 6);for (u8 i = 0; i < 8; i++) {Vector3 Pstart = (Vector3){SIDEWIDTH * ((((i & 0x01) >> 0) << 1) - 1),SIDEWIDTH * ((((i & 0x02) >> 1) << 1) - 1),SIDEWIDTH * ((((i & 0x04) >> 2) << 1) - 1),};for (u8 j = 0; j < 3; j++) {state = i ^ (1 << j);Vector3 Pend = (Vector3){SIDEWIDTH * ((((state & 0x01) >> 0) << 1) - 1),SIDEWIDTH * ((((state & 0x02) >> 1) << 1) - 1),SIDEWIDTH * ((((state & 0x04) >> 2) << 1) - 1),};DrawLine3D(Pstart, Pend, BLACK);}}EndMode3D();DrawText(TextFormat("%2i FPS", GetFPS()), 0, 0, 20, LIME);EndDrawing();}CloseGraph();return 0;
}
球面上均匀取点
#include "camera.h"
#include <ctime>
// #define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
#include <cmath>
#include <random>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;class randEngine {
public:randEngine() {_gen.seed(time(0));_gen = std::default_random_engine((unsigned int)time(0));// _NormDis = std::normal_distribution<double>(0, 1);_UniFloatDis = std::uniform_real_distribution<double>(0, 1);// _UniIntDis = std::uniform_int_distribution<unsigned>(0, N - 1);}double rand01() { return _UniFloatDis(_gen); }
private:std::default_random_engine _gen; // 生成初始化种子// std::normal_distribution<double> _NormDis; // 正态分布std::uniform_real_distribution<double> _UniFloatDis; // [0,1]均匀分布// std::uniform_int_distribution<unsigned> _UniIntDis; // 整数均匀分布
};int main(void) {Camera camera;SetConfigFlags(FLAG_MSAA_4X_HINT);SetTargetFPS(60);SetWindowMonitor(1);SetConfigFlags(FLAG_FULLSCREEN_MODE);InitGraph(0, 0, "RayLib-3D");Init_Camera(&camera);srand(time(0));vector<Vector3> points;double theta1, theta2;Vector3 vec;randEngine re;for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {// theta1 = re.rand01()*M_PI-M_PI_2;theta1 = acos(re.rand01()*2-1)-M_PI_2;theta2 = re.rand01()*M_PI*2;vec.x = cos(theta1) * cos(theta2);vec.y = cos(theta1) * sin(theta2);vec.z = sin(theta1);points.push_back(vec);}while (!WindowShouldClose()) {Update_Camera(&camera);BeginDrawing();ClearBackground(RAYWHITE);BeginMode3D(camera);DrawGrid(120, 2);for (uint32_t i = 0; i < points.size(); i++)DrawSphere(points[i], 0.01, BLACK);EndMode3D();DrawText(TextFormat("%2i FPS", GetFPS()), 0, 0, 20, LIME);EndDrawing();}CloseGraph();return 0;
}
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