Python3 网络套接字(socket / socketserver)

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Python3 网络套接字(socket / socketserver)

本文由 Luzhuo 编写,转发请保留该信息.
原文: http://blog.csdn.net/Rozol/article/details/72553736

以下代码以Python3.6.1为例
Less is more!

socket

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8
__author__ = 'Luzhuo'
__date__ = '2017/5/13'
# socket_demo.py 套接字接口
# 协议: TCP/IP(3次握手,4次断开) UDP(直接发数据)
# 一台PC最多可开 65535 个端口import socket
import os# 地址簇
socket.AF_INET  # IPV4, (host, port), host:'luzhuo.me' / '127.0.0.1'
socket.AF_INET6  # IPV6, (host, port, flowinfo, scopeid); boolean = socket.has_ipv6 // 是否支持ipv6# 套接字类型
socket.SOCK_STREAM  # tcp
socket.SOCK_DGRAM  # udp
socket.SOCK_RAW  # 原始套接字(可伪造IP地址,发起DDOS攻击)
socket.SOCK_RDM  # UDP,保证交付,但不保证顺序
socket.SOCK_SEQPACKETHOST = 'localhost' # windows: '127.0.0.1' / 'localhost'; linux:0.0.0.0
PORT = 10086def tcp_server():'''TCP服务端'''# 1. 实例化socket对象server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)server.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)  # 可重用地址# 2. 绑定server.bind((HOST, PORT))  # 绑定# 3. 监听链接server.listen()while True:# 4. 接收一个连接conn, addr = server.accept()  # (阻塞等待)接收一个连接, 返回 连接对象 地址while True:# 5. 接收/发送数据 (接收数据(命令), 发送数据量, 接收反馈, 发送全部数据)data_bytes = conn.recv(1024)  # (阻塞)接收数据if not data_bytes:break  # 当client断开时,conn.recv不断的接收空信息data_str = data_bytes.decode("utf-8")print("接收到数据: {}".format(data_str))res_cmd_bytes = os.popen(data_str).read().encode("utf-8")if not res_cmd_bytes:res_cmd_bytes = b"success"conn.send(str(len(res_cmd_bytes)).encode("utf-8"))  # 不能发送空数据conn.recv(1024)  # 为避免粘包, 发送数据后接收下客户端的反馈conn.send(res_cmd_bytes)  # 每次发送的数据量与缓存有关# 6. 关闭连接, 释放资源conn.close()server.close()def tcp_client(data):'''TCP客户端:param data: 字符串数据'''# 1. 实例化对象client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)# 2. 连接服务端client.connect((HOST, PORT))  # 连接if not data:returndata_bytes = data.encode("utf-8")# 3. 发送/接收数据 (发送数据, 接收反馈, 发送反馈, 接收全部数据)client.send(data_bytes)  # 发送数据, 发送的数据不能为空, 未发完的数据将放到缓冲区继续发res_count_bytes = client.recv(1024)  # 接收数据, 每次接收的数据量有限制, 限制大小与系统有关client.send(b"seccess")  # 给服务器反馈if not res_count_bytes:res_count_bytes = b'0'res_count_int = int(res_count_bytes.decode("utf-8"))res_size_int = 0size = 1024  # 默认接收量res_data = b""while res_size_int < res_count_int:count_res_surplus = res_count_int - res_size_intif count_res_surplus <= size:size = count_res_surplusdata = client.recv(size)  # 接收剩余的数据res_size_int += len(data)res_data += dataelse:print("数据总量: {}".format(res_size_int))data_str = data.decode("utf-8")print("数据: {}".format(data_str))# 4. 关闭连接, 释放资源client.close()  # 关闭连接def udp_server():'''UDP服务端'''# 1. 实例化对象server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)server.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)  # 可重用地址# 2. 绑定server.bind((HOST, PORT))while True:# 3. 接收数据data, address = server.recvfrom(1024)data_str = data.decode("utf-8")print("接收到数据: ", data_str)res_cmd_bytes = os.popen(data_str).read().encode("utf-8")if not res_cmd_bytes:res_cmd_bytes = b"success"if len(res_cmd_bytes) > 65507:res_cmd_bytes = res_cmd_bytes[:65507]server.sendto(res_cmd_bytes, address)  # 发送的数据限制为: 65535 - IP头(20) - UDP头(8) = 65507bite, 超过则异常# 4. 关闭连接, 释放资源server.close()def udp_client(data):'''UDP客户端:param data: 字符串数据'''# 1. 实例化对象client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)if not data:returndata_bytes = data.encode("utf-8")# 2. 发送/接收数据client.sendto(data_bytes, (HOST, PORT))res, addr = client.recvfrom(65507)print("接收到数据: ", res.decode("utf-8"))# 3. 关闭连接, 释放资源client.close()def socket_func():sk = socket.socket()# === socket ===sk.connect(('127.0.0.1', 8080))  # 连接sk.connect_ex(('127.0.0.1', 8080))  # 同connect, 返回错误提示符, 成功:0, 失败:errno变量值sk_temp = sk.dup()  # 复制套接字conn, addr = sk.accept()  # 阻塞式接收一个连接sk.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8080))  # 绑定# socket.listen([backlog]) // 监听连接, backlog限制未接受连接数, 默认合理值sk.listen()sk.getpeername()  # 远程套接字地址sk.getsockname()  # 自己套接字地址# socket.send(bytes[, flags]) // 发送数据(注:不许发送空数据) flags:与Unix系统有关,默认0sk.send(b"datas")# socket.sendall(bytes[, flags]) // 同sendsk.sendall(b"datas")# socket.sendfile(file, offset=0, count=None) // 发送文件, offset:从哪开始读, count:限制发送的总字节数sk.sendfile(open("file.txt", 'rb'))  # 实际发送的是文本里的内容# socket.sendto(bytes, address) // 发送数据, 未作远程套接字连接时使用# socket.sendto(bytes, flags, address)sk.sendto(b"datas", ('127.0.0.1', 8080))# socket.recv(bufsize[, flags]) // 接收数据, bufsize:限制接收数据量 (注:非设置1024就能接收到1024的数据量)bytes = sk.recv(1024)# socket.recvfrom(bufsize[, flags]) // 接收数据,返回 (bytes, addr)bytes, addr = sk.recvfrom(1024)sk.close()  # 关闭, 可用with自动关闭sk.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RD)  # 关闭连接(一半/两半) SHUT_RD:不许接收, SHUT_WR:不许发送, SHUT_RDWR:不许接收和发送fd = sk.detach()  # 置于关闭状态,返回文件描述符fd = sk.fileno()  # 获取文件描述符, 失败:-1sk.get_inheritable()  # Socket是否可继承# socket.makefile(mode='r', buffering=None, *, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None) // 返回与套接字关联的文件对象file = sk.makefile()sk.setblocking(True)  # 设置是否为阻塞式套接字, False:无阻塞(sock.settimeout(0.0)), True:阻塞(sock.settimeout(None))num = sk.gettimeout()  # 获取超时时间, 单位秒, 未设置Nonesk.settimeout(None)  # 阻塞套接字超时时间, 单位秒,非负, None:阻塞式, >=0:非阻塞式# socket.setsockopt(level, optname, value) // 设置套接字属性的值sk.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)sk.family  # 地址簇sk.type  # 套接字类型sk.proto  # 套接字协议# === socket 异常 ===socket.error  # OSErrorsocket.herror  # 地址转换错误, gethostbyname_ex()socket.gaierror  # 地址错误, getaddrinfo()socket.timeout  # 超时异常# === socket 功能函数 ===# 创建# socket.socket(family=AF_INET, type=SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, fileno=None) // 创建新的套接字; family:地址簇, type:套接字类型, proto:协议号, fileno:文件描述符sk = socket.socket()# ---# socket.socketpair([family[, type[, proto]]]) // 创建一对已连接的socket对象sk = socket.socketpair()# socket.fromfd(fd, family, type, proto=0) // 从文件描述符fd, 创建一个套接字sk = socket.fromfd(sk.detach(), socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)# 连接# ---# socket.create_connection(address[, timeout[, source_address]]) // 连接互联网上侦听的TCP地址  address:(host, port), timeout:超时, source_address:(host, port)socket.create_connection(('localhost', 12345))# 获取信息strs = socket.gethostname()  # 获取主机名num = socket.getdefaulttimeout()  # 默认超时时间, 没有Nonesocket.setdefaulttimeout(5)  # 设置默认超时时间, 单位秒# 转换strs = socket.gethostbyname('DESKTOP-S62UA6O')  # 将主机名转为ipv4地址host, hosts, ipaddrs = socket.gethostbyname_ex('DESKTOP-S62UA6O')  # 同gethostbynamehost, hosts, ipaddrs = socket.gethostbyaddr('192.168.1.103')  # 同gethostbyname# socket.getnameinfo(sockaddr, flags) 根据flags翻译sockaddr, flags: NI_DGRAM / NI_NAMEREQD / NI_NOFQDN / NI_NUMERICHOST / NI_NUMERICSERVhost, port = socket.getnameinfo(('192.168.1.103', 80), socket.NI_NUMERICHOST)# socket.getservbyname(servicename[, protocolname]) // 根据服务名获取端口号, protocolname: 'tcp' / 'udp'port = socket.getservbyname('http')# socket.getservbyport(port[, protocolname]) // 根据端口号获取服务名strs = socket.getservbyport(80)# socket.ntohl(x) // 将32位正整数从网络字节顺序转换为主机字节顺序# socket.ntohs(x) // 将16位正整数从网络转换为主机字节顺序# socket.htonl(x) // 将32位正整数从主机转换为网络字节顺序# socket.htons(x) // 将16位正整数从主机转换为网络字节顺序bytes_ip = socket.inet_aton('192.168.1.103')  # 将IPv4地址转换为32位二进制格式strs = socket.inet_ntoa(bytes_ip)  # 将32位二进制格式地址转为IPv4地址# socket.inet_pton(address_family, ip_string)bytes_ip = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, '192.168.1.103')  # 同inet_atonstrs = socket.inet_ntop(socket.AF_INET, bytes_ip)  # 同inet_ntoa# ---# socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family=0, type=0, proto=0, flags=0) 将主机/端口转为创建套接字所需的所有参数(family, type, proto, canonname, sockaddr)lists = socket.getaddrinfo('luzhuo.me', 80, family=socket.AF_INET, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM)# socket.getfqdn([name]) // 名称的完全限定域名(主机名), 空为本机strs = socket.getfqdn('www.baidu.com')if __name__ == "__main__":# TCPtcp_server()while 1:data = input("输入数据: ")tcp_client(data)# UDPudp_server()while 1:data = input("输入数据: ")udp_client(data)# socket_func()

socketserver

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8
__author__ = 'Luzhuo'
__date__ = '2017/5/15'
# socketserver_demo.py 网络服务框架, 简化了socket的服务端编写, 是对socket的封装, 可进行多线程/多进程并发
# 客户端仍然使用socketimport socketserver# 具体服务器类
# socketserver.TCPServer  # TCP协议
# socketserver.UDPServer  # UDP协议
# socketserver.UnixStreamServer  # Unix TCP
# socketserver.UnixDatagramServer  # Unix UDP# 继承关系
# BaseServer
#     TCPServer
#         UnixStreamServer
#     UDPServer
#         UnixDatagramServer# 服务类(1. 要实现服务, 必须从BaseRequesthandler派生类, 并重新定义handle()方法)
# socketserver.ForkingMixIn  # 混合类的分叉版本
# socketserver.ThreadingMixIn  # 混合类的线程版本
# 以下类是min-in类预定义的
# socketserver.ForkingTCPServer  # 多进程 (Linux可用, Windows不可用)
# socketserver.ForkingUDPServer
# socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer  # 多线程
# socketserver.ThreadingUDPServerHOST, POST = "localhost", 10086# 所有请求处理对象的超类,他定义了接口
class TCPHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):def handle(self):# 一个连接调用一次handle()print(self.__dict__)# 与client的交互全都在这里完成while 1:try:data = self.request.recv(1024).strip()  # 接收数据ip = self.client_address[0]  # IPprint("IP: {}, 数据: {}".format(ip, data.decode('utf-8')))self.request.sendall(b"success")  # 发送数据except ConnectionResetError as e:  # 客户端断开print("客户端断开连接")breakdef setup(self):# handle()调用之前,所需的初始化操作passdef finish(self):# handle()调用之后,所需的清理操作, setup()异常不会调用该函数passclass UDPHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):def handle(self):data = self.request[0].strip()  # 接收数据socket = self.request[1]ip = self.client_address[0]  # IPprint("IP: {}, 数据: {}".format(ip, data.decode('utf-8')))socket.sendto(b"success", self.client_address)def socketserver_demo():'''1. 创建handler类,继承BaseRuestHandler,重写handler()2. 实例化server类(TCPServer), 传递ip和handler传给服务类3. server类.serve_forever()[处理多个请求] / .handler_request()[处理单个请求]4. server类.server_close() 关闭socket'''# TCP# server = socketserver.TCPServer((HOST, POST), ServerHandler)  # 单线程server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer((HOST, POST), TCPHandler)  # 多线程, 每次新的连接都会开启新线程# server.handle_request()  # 处理单个请求server.serve_forever()  # 处理多个请求# UDP# server = socketserver.UDPServer((HOST, POST), ServerHandler)  # 单线程server = socketserver.ThreadingUDPServer((HOST, POST), UDPHandler)  # 多线程, 每次新的连接都会开启新线程# server.handle_request()  # 处理单个请求server.serve_forever()  # 处理多个请求def socketserver_func():# 2. 创建服务类# class socketserver.BaseServer(server_address, RequestHandlerClass) // 所有服务类对象的超类, 他定义了接口server = socketserver.TCPServer((HOST, POST), TCPHandler)fd = server.fileno()  # 文件描述符server.handle_request()  # 处理单个请求, hanle()引发一场调用handle_error(), 超时调用handle_timeout()# serve_forever(poll_interval=0.5) // 处理多个请求,直到显式的shutdown()请求, 每poll_interval秒关闭pollserver.serve_forever()server.service_actions()  # 在serve_forever()循环中调用, 可用于清理数据server.shutdown()  # 告知serve_forever()停止并等待server.server_close()  # 清理服务器server.address_family  # 地址簇request = server.RequestHandlerClass  # 请求处理类, 为每个请求创建此类host, port = server.server_address  # 服务器正在侦听的地址socket = server.socket  # 套接字对象boolean = server.allow_reuse_address  # 服务器是否允许重用地址size = server.request_queue_size  # 请求队列的大小, 默认5个, 队列已满,下个请求将获得'连接被拒绝'错误type = server.socket_type  # 套接字类型time = server.timeout  # 超时时间, 单位秒, None:阻塞式, 0.0:非阻塞式# server.finish_request(request, client_address) // handle(self), self:{'request': ..., 'client_address': ..., 'server': ...}server.finish_request(request, (HOST, POST))  # handle()请求server.handle_error(request, (HOST, POST))  # handle()异常server.handle_timeout()  # handle()超时server.process_request(request, (HOST, POST))  # handle()请求, 如有必要创建新进程/线程处理请求boolean = server.verify_request(request, (HOST, POST))  # handle()是否可请求, True处理请求,False拒绝请求socket, addrs = server.get_request()  # 获取套接字请求(会阻塞,直至新的连接), 返回新套接字对象和客户端地址server.server_activate()  # 监听, 同listen()server.server_bind()  # 绑定if __name__ == "__main__":socketserver_demo()# socketserver_func()