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《Javadocx4j高效处理Word文档的实战指南》对于需要在Java应用程序中生成、修改或处理Word文档的开发者来说,docx4j是一个强大而专业的选择,下面我们就来看看docx4j的具体使用...
引言
在现代办公自动化和文档处理领域,Microsoft Word的.docx格式已成为行业标准。对于需要在Java应用程序中生成、修改或处理Word文档的开发者来说,docx4j是一个强大而专业的选择。本文将全面介绍docx4j库的特点、使用方法和适用场景,并通过丰富的代码示例展示其强大功能。
一、环境准备与基础配置
1.1 Maven依赖配置
<dependency>
<groupId>org.docx4j</groupId>
<artifactId>docx4j-core</artifactId>
<version>8.3.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.docx4j</groupId>
<artifactId>docx4j-export-fo</artifactId>
<version>8.3.4</version>
</dependency>
1.2 初始化测试类
public class Docx4jTest {
private WordprocessingMLPackage wordPackage;
private ObjectFactory factory;
@BeforeEach
public void setUp() throws Exception {
wordPackage = WordprocessingMLPackage.createPackage();
factory = Context.getWmlObjectFactory();
}
@AfterEach
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
if (wordPackage != null) {
wordPackage.save(new File("test_output.docx"));
}
}
}
二、增强版文档操作示例
2.1 复杂表格生成(带样式和合并单元格)
@Test
public void testCreateComplexTable() throws Exception {
// 创建5x5表格
Tbl table = factory.createTbl();
// 设置表格属性
TblPr tblPr = factory.createTblPr();
TblWidth tblWidth = factory.createTblWidth();
tblWidth.setW(BigInteger.valueOf(5000));
tblWidth.setType("dxa");
tblPr.setTblWidth(tblWidth);
table.setTblPr(tblPr);
// 创建表头行
Tr headerRow = factory.createTr();
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
Tc cell = createTableCell("表头 " + (i+1), true, "FF0000");
headerRow.getContent().add(cell);
}
table.getContent().add(headerRow);
// 创建数据行(带合并单元格)
for (int row = 0; row < 4; row++) {
Tr dataRow = factory.createTr();
for (int col = 0; col < 5; col++) {
if (row == 1 && col == 1) {
// 合并单元格(横向合并2个)
Tc cell = createTableCell("合并单元格", false, "00FF00");
cell.getTcPr().setGridSpan(new BigInteger("2"));
dataRow.getContent().add(cell);
col++; // 跳过下一个单元格
} else if (row == 2 && col == 0) {
// 合并单元格(纵向合并2个)
Tc cell = createTableCell("纵向合并", false, "0000FF");
cell.getTcPr().setVMerge(factory.createCTVMerge());
cell.getTcPr().getVMerge().setVal("restart");
dataRow.getContent().add(cell);
} else if (row == 3 && col == 0) {
// 继续纵向合并
Tc cell = createTableCell("",android false, "0000FF");
cell.getTcPr().setVMerge(factory.createCTVMerge());
cell.getTcPr().getVMerge().setVal("continue");
dataRow.getContent().add(cell);
} else {
dataRow.getContent().add(
createTableCell("数据 "+row+","+col, false, null));
}
}
table.getContent().add(dataRow);
}
wordPackage.getMainDocumentPart().addObject(table);
assertNotNull(table);
assertEquals(5, table.getContent().size());
}
2.2 文档样式管理
@Test
public void testDocumentStyles() throws Exception {
// 创建样式定义
Styles styles = factory.createStyles();
// 标题1样式
Style titleStyle = factory.createStyle();
titleStyle.setType("paragraph");
titleStyle.setStyleId("Heading1");
Style.Name name = factory.createStyleName();
name.setVal("标题 1");
titleStyle.setName(name);
PPr ppr = factory.createPPr();
ppr.setOutlineLvl(new BigInteger("0"));
Jc jc = factory.createJc();
jc.setVal(JcEnumeration.CENTER);
ppr.setJc(jc);
titleStyle.setPPr(ppr);
RPr rpr = factory.createRPr();
rpr.setB(new BooleanDefaultTrue());
rpr.setSz(new HpsMeasure(BigInteger.valueOf(32)));
rpr.setColor(new Color("2F5496"));
titleStyle.setRPr(rpr);
styles.getStyle().add(titleStyle);
// 将样式添加到文档
wordPackage.getMainDocumentPart().setStyleDefinitionsPart(
new StylesPart(wordPackage, styles));
// 使用样式
P p = factory.createP();
PPr pPr = factory.createPPr();
pPr.setPStyle("Heading1");
p.setPPr(pPr);
R r = factory.createR();
Text t = factory.createText();
t.setValue("这是标题1样式");
r.getContent().add(t);
p.getContent().add(r);
wordPackage.getMainDocumentPart().addObject(p);
// 验证样式是否存在
assertNotNull(wordPackage.getMainDocumentPart().getStyleDefinitionsPart());
assertEquals(1, wordPackage.getMainDocumentPart()
.getStyleDefinitionsPart().getJaxbElement().getStyle().size());
}
三、高级功能实现
3.1 生成带目录的文档
@Test
public void testGenerateTOC() throws Exception {
// 添加标题样式(同2.2节)
// ...
// 添加几个带样式的标题
addStyledParagraph("Heading1", "第一章 简介");
addStyledParagraph("Heading2", "1.1 背景");
addStyledParagraph("Heading1", "第二章 实现");
addStyledParagraph("Heading2", "2.1 技术选型");
// 创建目录字段代码
P tocParagraph = factory.createP();
FldChar fldChar = factory.createFldChar();
fldChar.setFldCharType(STFldCharType.BEGIN);
tocParagraph.getContent().add(fldChar);
R tocRun = factory.createR();
Text tocText = factory.createText();
tocText.setSpace("preserve");
tocText.setValue(" TOC \\o \"1-3\" \\h \\z \\u ");
tocRun.getContent().add(tocText);
tocParagraph.getContent().add(tocRun);
FldChar fldCharSep = factory.createFldChar();
fldCharSep.setFldCharType(STFldCharType.SEPARATE);
tocParagraph.getContent().add(fldCharSep);
// 目录占位文本
R placeholderRun = factory.createR();
Text placeholderText = factory.createText();
placeholderText.setValue("目录将在此生成...");
placeholderRun.getContent().add(placeholderText);
tocParagraph.getContent().add(placeholderRun);
FldChar fldCharEnd = factory.createFldChar();
fldCharEnd.setFldCharType(STFldCharType.END);
tocParagraph.getContent().add(fldCharEnd);
// 将目录添加到文档开头
wordPackage.getMainDocumentPart().addObject(0, tocParagraph);
// 更新字段(生成实际目录)
FieldUpdater updater = new FieldUpdater(wordPackage);
updater.update(true);
// 验证目录是否存在
assertTrue(wordPackage.getMainDocumentPart().getContent().get(0) instanceof P);
}
3.2 文档加密与保护
@Test
public void testDocumentProtection() throws Exception {
// 设置文档保护
DocumentProtection protection = new DocumentProtection();
protection.setEdit(ProtectionEditType.READ_ONLY);
protection.setPassword("123456");
// 应用保护设置
wordPackage.getMainDocumentPart().getContents().getBody().setDocumentProtection(
protection.createDocumentProtection());
// 添加一些内容
wordPackage.getMainDocumentPart().addParagraphOfText("这是受保护的文档");
// 保存并重新加载验证保护
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
wordPackage.save(baos);
ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray());
WordprocessingMLPackage protectedPackage = WordprocessingMLPackage.loapythond(bais);
// 尝试修改(应抛出异常)
assertThrows(Docx4JException.class, () -> {
protectedPackage.getMainDocumentPart().addParagraphOfText("尝试修改");
protectedPackage.save(new File("protected.docx"));
});
// 使用密码解除保护
protectedPackage = WordprocessingMLPackage.load(new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray()));
protectedPackage.getMainDocumentPart().removeProtection("123456");
protectedPackage.getMainDocumentPart().addParagraphOfText("已解除保护");
protectedPackage.save(new File("unprotected.docx"));
}
四、测试工具类与实用方法
4.1 文档比较工具类
public class DocxComparator {
public static boolean compareDocs(File doc1, File doc2) throws Exception {
WordprocessingMLPackage pkg1 = WordprocessingMLPackage.load(doc1);
WordprocessingMLPackage pkg2 = WordprocessingMLPackage.load(doc2);
// 比较文档结构
if (!compareParts(pkg1.getMainDocumentPart(), pkg2.getMainDocumentPart())) {
return false;
}
// 比较样式
if (!compareStyles(pkg1, pkg2)) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
private static boolean compareParts(Part part1, Part part2) {
// 实现具体的比较逻辑
// ...
return true;
}
private static boolean compareStyles(WordprocessingMLPackage pkg1,
WordprocessingMLPackage pkg2) {
// 实现样式比较逻辑
// ...
return true;
}
}
// 测试用例
@Test
public void testDocumentComparison() throws Exception {
File original = new File("template.docx");
File generated = new File("test_output.docx");
// 生成测试文档
WordprocessingMLPackage pkg = WordprocessingMLPackage.createPackage();
pkg.getMainDocumentPart().addParagraphOfText("测试内容");
pkg.save(generated);
// 比较文档
assertFalse(DocxComparator.compareDocs(original, generated));
// 比较相同文档
assertTrue(DocxComparator.compareDocs(generated, generated));
}
4.2 性能测试工具
public class Docx4jBenchmark {
public static long measureDocumentCreation(int paragraphCount) throws Exception {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
WordprocessingMLPackage wordPackage = WordprocessingMLPackage.createPackage();
ObjectFactory factory = Context.getWmlObjectFajsctory();
for (int i = 0; i < paragraphCount; i++) {
P p = factory.createP();
R r = factory.createR();
Text t = factory.createText();
t.setValue("段落 " + (i+1));
r.getContent().add(t);
p.getContent().add(r);
wordPackage.getMainDocumentPart().addObject(p);
}
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
wordPackage.save(out);
return System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
}
}
// 性能测试用例
@Test
public void testPerformance() throws Exception {
int[] testSizes = {100, 1000, 5000};
for (int size : testSizes) {
long time = Docx4jBenchmark.measureDocumentCreation(size);
System.out.printf("生成 %d 段落的文档耗时: %d ms%n", size, time);
assertTrue(time < 10000, "性能测试失败,耗时过长");
}
}
五、集成测试示例
5.1 端到端文档生成测试
@Test
public void testEndToEndDocumentGeneration() throws Exception {
// 1. 创建文档
WordprocessingMLPackage wordPackage = WordprocessingMLPackage.createPackage();
// 2. 添加封面
addCoverPage(wordPackage);
// 3. 添加目录
addTableOfContents(wordPackage);
// 4. 添加章节内容
addChapter(wordPackage, "1. 简介", "这是文档的简介部分...");
addChapter(wordPackage, "2. 实现", "详细实现说明...");
// 5. 添加表格
addSampleTable(wordPackage);
// 6. 添加图表
addSampleChart(wordPackage);
// 7. 添加页眉页脚
addHeaderFooter(wordPackage);
// 8. 保存文档
File output = new File("full_document.docx");
wordPackage.save(output);
// 验证
assertTrue(output.exists());
assertTrue(output.length() > 1024); // 文档大小应大于1KB
// 验证文档结构
WordprocessingMLPackage loaded = WordprocessingMLPackage.load(output);
assertNotNull(loaded.getMainDocumentPart());
assertNotNull(loaded.getMainDocumentPart().getStyleDefinitionsPart());
// 验证内容
String XML = XmlUtils.marshaltoString(
loaded.getMainDocumentPart().getJaxbElement(), true);
assertTrue(xml.contains("简介"));
assertTrue(xml.contains("实现"));
}
5.2 异常处理测试
@Test
public void testExceptionHandling() {
// 测试无效文件加载
assertThrows(Docx4JException.class, () -> {
WordprocessingMLPackage.load(new File("nonexistent.docx"));
});
// 测试无效操作
assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
WordprocessingMLPackage wordChina编程Package = WordprocessingMLPackage.createPackage();
wordPackage.save(null);
});
// 测试样式操作错误
assertThrows(InvalidFormatException.class, () -> {
WordprocessingMLPackage wordPackage = WordprocessingMLPackage.createPackage();
P p = factory.createP();
PPr pPr = factory.createPPr();
pPr.setPStyle("InvalidStyle");
p.setPPr(pPr);
wordPackage.getMainDocumentPart().addObject(p);
wordPackage.save(new File("invalid_style.docx"));
});
}
六、实用工具方法集
文档生成工具类
public class DocxGenerator {
private final WordprocessingMLPackage wordPackage;
private final ObjectFactory factory;
public DocxGenerator() throws Docx4JException {
this.wordPackage = WordprocessingMLPackage.createPackage();
this.factory = Context.getWmlObjectFactory();
}
public void addTitle(String text, int level) {
P p = factory.createP();
PPr pPr = factory.createPPr();
pPr.setPStyle("Heading" + level);
p.setPPr(pPr);
R r = factory.createR();
Text t = factory.createText();
t.setValue(text);
r.getContent().add(t);
p.getContent().add(r);
wordPackage.getMainDocumentPart().addObject(p);
}
public void addParagraph(String text) {
wordPackage.getMainDocumentPart().addParagraphOfText(text);
}
public void addTable(List<List<String>> data) {
Tbl table = factory.createTbl();
// 添加表头
if (!data.isEmpty()) {
Tr headerRow = factory.createTr();
for (String header : data.get(0)) {
headerRow.getContent().add(createTableCell(header, true, null));
}
table.getContent().add(headerRow);
}
js // 添加数据行
for (int i = 1; i < data.size(); i++) {
Tr dataRow = factory.createTr();
for (String cellData : data.get(i)) {
dataRow.getContent().add(createTableCell(cellData, false, null));
}
table.getContent().add(dataRow);
}
wordPackage.getMainDocumentPart().addObject(table);
}
public void saveToFile(String filename) throws Docx4JException {
wordPackage.save(new File(filename));
}
private Tc createTableCell(String text, boolean isHeader, String color) {
Tc cell = factory.createTc();
P p = factory.createP();
R r = factory.createR();
Text t = factory.createText();
t.setValue(text);
r.getContent().add(t);
if (isHeader || color != null) {
RPr rPr = factory.createRPr();
if (isHeader) {
rPr.setB(new BooleanDefaultTrue());
}
if (color != null) {
Color textColor = new Color();
textColor.setVal(color);
rPr.setColor(textColor);
}
r.setRPr(rPr);
}
p.getContent().add(r);
cell.getContent().add(p);
return cell;
}
}
// 使用示例
@Test
public void testDocxGenerator() throws Exception {
DocxGenerator generator = new DocxGenerator();
generator.addTitle("测试文档", 1);
generator.addParagraph("这是一个自动生成的测试文档");
List<List<String>> tableData = new ArrayList<>();
tableData.add(Arrays.asList("ID", "名称", "数量"));
tableData.add(Arrays.asList("1", "商品A", "100"));
tableData.add(Arrays.asList("2", "商品B", "200"));
generator.addTable(tableData);
generator.saveToFile("generated_doc.docx");
File output = new File("generated_doc.docx");
assertTrue(output.exists());
}
结语
本文提供了docx4j的全面增强版实现,包含丰富的代码示例和测试用例。通过这些示例,开发者可以:
- 掌握docx4j的高级功能实现
- 学习如何为docx4j编写有效的测试用例
- 了解性能优化和异常处理的最佳实践
- 使用提供的工具类简化日常开发
建议在实际项目中:
- 根据业务需求封装专用工具类
- 建立完善的测试体系
- 监控文档生成的性能指标
- 做好异常处理和日志记录
通过这些实践,可以充分发挥docx4j的强大功能,构建稳定高效的文档处理系统。
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