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《Java操作Word文档的全面指南》在Java开发中,操作Word文档是常见的业务需求,广泛应用于合同生成、报表输出、通知发布、法律文书生成、病历模板填写等场景,本文将全面介绍Java操作Word文...
简介
Word编程最重要的类是org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFDocument。涉及的东西十分复杂。而且Apache poi操作word的技术非常不成熟。代码中本身有很多bug。
Maven的依赖为
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId> <artifactId>poi-ooXML</artifactId> <version>5.0.0</version> </dependency>
以下代码创建一个空word文档。
public class EmptyWord { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument(); File file = new File("test.word"); document.write(new FileOutputStream(file)); } }
段落
首先看看段落与字体设置。
假设有需要生成一个一级标题,利用document创建段落。每个段落又有多个run组成。Run不能继续拆分,一个run拥有共同的字体。如以下代码创建一个段落:
final XWPFParagraph paragraph = document.createParagraph(); paragraph.setNumILvl(BigInteger.valueOf(1L)); final XWPFRun run = paragraph.createRun(); run.setText("老了"); run.setFontSize(10); run.setColor("ffff00"); run.setFontFamily("宋书");
而段落的大纲级别的设置比较复杂,代码如下
CTPPr pPr = paragraph.getCTP().getPPr();
if (pPr == null) {
pPr = paragraph.getCTP().apythonddNewPPr();
}
final CTDecimalNumber ctDecimalNumber = pPr.addNewOutlineLvl();
ctDecimalNumber.setVal(BigInteger.valueOf(1));
pPr.setOutlineLvl(ctDecimalNumber);
这里有一个难懂的概念,什么是CTP。
其效果如下:
页头与页脚
页头与页脚测试时发现生成的页头和页脚只能在WORD中看到,在WPS里看不到。这可能是POI的一个bug。生成页头和页脚都比较简单。
final XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument(); final XWPFHeader header = document.createHeader(HeaderFooterType.DEFAULT); final XWPFParagraph paragraph = header.createParagraph(); final XWPFRun run = paragraph.createRun(); run.setText("我是页头"); run.setFontSize(12); run.setColor("ff00ff"); System.out.println(header.getText());
页脚为:
// 页脚呢 final XWPFFooter footer = document.createFooter(HeaderFooterType.DEFAULT); final XWPFParagraph footerParagraph = footer.createParagraph(); final XWPFRun footerParagraphRun = footerParagraph.createRun(); footerParagraphRun.setText("页脚"); footerParagraphRun.setFontSize(12);
完整效果如下:
页码
生成页码的方法比较复杂。但是值得挑战一下。
final XWPFFooter footer = document.createFooter(HeaderFooterType.DEFAULT); XWPFParagraph paragraph = footer.createParagraph(); XWPFRun run = paragraph.createRun(); run.setText("第"); run = paragraph.createRun(); CTFldChar ctFldChar = run.getCTR().addNewFldChar(); ctFldChar.setFldCharType(STFldCharType.BEGIN); // 又一段 run = paragraph.createRun(); CTText ctText = run.getCTR().addNewInstrText(); ctText.setStringValue("PAGE \\* MERGEFORMAT"); ctText.setSpace(SpaceAttribute.Space.Enum.forString("preserve")); ctFldChar = run.getCTR().addNewFldChar(); ctFldChar.setFldCharType(STFldCharType.END); run = paragraph.createRun(); run.setText("页 总共"); run = paragraph.createRun(); ctFldChar = run.getCTR().addNewFldChar(); ctFldChar.setFldCharType(STFldCharType.BEGIN); run = paragraph.createRun(); ctText = run.getCTR().addNewInstrText(); ctText.setStringValue("NUMPAGES \\* MERGEFORMAT"); ctText.setSpace(SpaceAttribute.Space.Enum.forString("preserve")); ctFldChar = run.getCTR().addNewFldChar(); ctFldChar.setFldCharType(STFldCharType.END); run = paragraph.createRun(); run.setText("页");
同样,兼容word,不兼容WPS。
效果如下:
表格
Word里插入表格,是非常常见的功能。
final XWPFDopythoncument document = new XWPFDocument(); final XWPFTable table = document.createTable(3, 3); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { for (int j = 0;android j < 3; j++) { table.getRow(i).getCell(j).setText(i+"-"+j); } }
表格有点丑,但是勉强可以用哈:
图片
插入图片也是必要的功能啊,代码示例如下:
String imagePath = "image.png"; // 图片路径 FileInputStream imageStream = new FileInputStream(imagePath); // 设置图片尺寸(单位:EMU) int width = Units.toEMU(300); // 宽度(约4厘米) int height = Units.toEMU(200); // 高度 final XWPFParagraph paragraph = document.createParagraph(); final XWPFRun run = paragraph.createRun(); // 插入图片 run.addPicture( imageStream, XWPFDocument.PICTURE_TYPE_PNG, // 图片格式 "image.png", // 描述文本 width, height ); imageStream.close();
插入图片效果:
批注
Word编程加批注是十分困难的、十分复杂的。在poi里,有同名的包,不能导错,以下是正确的包:
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTComment; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTComments; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTText;
首先要写一个辅助类,辅助类倒是比较简单:
public class MyXWPFCommentsDocument extends POIXMLDocumentPart { private CTComments ctComments; private MyXWPFCommentsDocument(PackagePart part) { super(part); ctComments = CommentsDocument.Factory.newInstance().addNewComments(); } public CTComments getCtComments() { return ctComments; } @Override protected void commit() throws IOException { XmlOptions xmlOptions = new XmlOptions(POIXMLTypeLoader.DEFAULT_XML_OPTIONS); xmlOptions.setSaveSyntheticDocumentElement(new QName(CTComments.type.getName().getNamespaceURI(), "comments")); PackagePart part = getPackagePart(); OutputStream out = part.getOutputStream(); ctComments.save(out, xmlOptions); out.close(); } public static MyXWPFCommentsDocument createCommentsDocument(XWPFDocument document) throws Exception { OPCPackage oPCPackage = document.getPackage(); PackagePartName partName = PackagingURIHelper.createPartName("/word/comments.xml"); PackagePart part = oPCPackage.createPart(partName, "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.comments+xml"); MyXWPFCommentsDocument myXWPFCommentsDocument = new MyXWPFCommentsDocument(part); String rId = "rId" + (document.getRelationParts().size()+1); document.addRelation(rId, XWPFRelation.COMMENT, myXWPFCommentsDocument); return myXWPFCommentsDocument; } }
以下是加入批注的方法:
MyXWPFCommentsDocument myXWPFCommentsDocument = MyXWPFCommentsDocument.createCommentsDocument(document); CTComments comments = myXWPFCommentsDocument.getCtComments(); CTComment ctComment; XWPFParagraph paragraph; //first comment BigInteger cId = BigInteger.ZERO; ctComment = comments.addNewComment(); CTText ctText = ctComment.addNewP().addNewR().addNewT(); ctText.setStringValue("The first comment."); ctComment.setAuthor("Axel Rchter"); ctComment.setInitials("AR"); ctComment.setId(cId); paragraph = document.createParagraph(); paragraph.getCTP().addNewCommentRangeStart().setId(cId); XWPFRun run; run = paragraph.createRun(); run.setText("Paragraph with the first comment."); paragraph.getCTP().addNewCommentRangeEnd().setId(cId); paragraph.getCTP().addNewR().addNewCommentReference().setId(cId);
以下是批注的效果:
文本框
文本框的插入也是比较复杂,代码如下:
XWPFParagraph paragraph = document.createParagraph(); XWPFRun run=paragraph.createRun(); run.setText("The Body text: "); CTGroup ctGroup = CTGroup.Factory.newInstance(); CTShape ctShape = ctGroup.addNewShape(); ctShape.setStyle("width:100pt;height:24pt"); CTTxbxContent ctTxbxContent = ctShape.addNewTextbox().addNewTxbxContent(); ctTxbxContent.addNewP().addNewR().addNewT().setStringValue("The TextBox text..."); Node ctGroupNode = ctGroup.getDomNode(); CTPicture ctPicture = CTPicture.Factory.parse(ctGroupNode); run=paragraph.createRun(); CTR cTR = run.getCTR(); cTR.addNewPict(); cTR.setPictArray(0, ctPicture);
简单展示下效果:
目录
目录本来就一句话doc.createTOC(),但是很容易失败。使用CTPPr可以设置段落的大纲级别,以下是代码:
try (XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument()) { document.createTOC(); final XWPFParagraph paragraph = document.createParagraph(); // 获取段落属性,若不存在则新建 CTPPr ppr = paragraph.getCTP().isSetPPr() ? paragraph.getCTP().getPPr() : paragraph.getCTP().addNewPPr(); // 设置大纲级别为 1 CTDecimalNumber outlineLvl = ppr.isSetOutlineLvl() ? ppr.getOutlineLvl() : ppr.addNewOutlineLvl(); outlineLvl.setVal(BigInteger.valueOf(1)); final XWPFRun run = paragraph.createRun(); run.setText("标题一"); run.setFontSize(10); run.setFontFamily("宋书"); File file = new File("toc.docx"); document.write(Files.newOutputStream(file.toPath())); }
虽然代码运行不报错,但是结果是生成不了目录。以下是效果图:
图表
英文叫chart,chart是需要关联excel表格的。所以这个特别复杂。完整代码如下:
// create the data String[] categories = new String[] { "Lang 1", "Lang 2", "Lang 3" }; Double[] valuesA = new Double[] { 10d, 20d, 30d }; Double[] valuesB = new Double[] { 15d, 25d, 35d }; // create the chart XWPFChart chart = doc.createChart(15 * Units.EMU_PER_CENTIMETER, 10 * China编程Units.EMU_PER_CENTIMETER); // create data sources int numOfPoints =categories. Length; String categoryDataRange = chart.formatRange(new CellRangeAddress(1, numOfPoints, 0, 0)); String valuesDataRangeA = chart.formatRange(new CellRangeAddress(1, numOfPoints, 1, 1)); String valuesDataRangeB = chart.formatRange(new CellRangeAddress(1, numOfPoints, 2, 2)); XDDFDataSource<String> categoriesData = XDDFDataSourcesFactory.fromArray(categories, categoryDataRange, 0); XDDFNumericalDataSource<Double> valuesDataA = XDDFDataSourcesFactory.fromArray(valuesA, valuesDataRangeA, 1); XDDFNumericalDataSource<Double> valuesDataB = XDDFDataSourcesFactory.fromArray(valuesB, valuesDataRangeB, 2); // create axis XDDFCategoryAxis bottomAxis = chart.createCategoryAxis(AxisPosition.BOTTOM); XDDFValueAxis leftAxis = chart.createValueAxis(AxisPosition.LEFT); leftAxis.setCrosses(AxisCrosses.AUTO_ZERO); // Set AxisCrossBetween, so the left axis crosses the category axis between the categories. // Else first and last category is exactly on cross points and the bars are only half visible. leftAxis.setCrossBetween(AxisCrossBetween.BETWEEN); // create chart data XDDFChartData data = chart.createData(ChartTypes.BAR, bottomAxis, leftAxis); ((XDDFBarChartData) data).setBarDirection(BarDirection.COL); // create series // if only one series do not vary colors for each bar ((XDDFBarChartData) data).setVaryColors(false); XDDFChartData.Series series = data.addSeries(categoriesData, valuesDataA); // XDDFChart.setShChina编程eetTitle is buggy. It creates a Table but only half way and incomplete. // Excel cannot opening the workbook after creatingg that incomplete Table. // So updating the chart data in Word is not possible. //series.setTitle("a", chart.setSheetTitle("a", 1)); series.setTitle("a", setTitleInDataSheet(chart, "a", 1)); /* // if more than one series do vary colors of the series ((XDDFBarChartData)data).setVaryColors(true); series = data.addSeries(categoriesData, valuesDataB); //series.setTitle("b", chart.setSheetTitle("b", 2)); series.setTitle("b", setTitleInDataSheet(chart, "b", 2)); */ // plot chart data chart.plot(data); // create legend XDDFChartLegend legend = chart.getOrAddLegend(); legend.setPosition(LegendPosition.LEFT); legend.setOverlay(false);
还有一个私有方法:
static CellReference setTitleInDataSheet(XWPFChart chart, String title, int column) throws Exception { XSSFWorkbook workbook = chart.getWorkbook(); XSSFSheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0); XSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(0); if (row == null) row = sheet.createRow(0); XSSFCell cell = row.getCell(column); if (cell == null) cell = row.createCell(column); cell.setCellValue(title); return new CellReference(sheet.getSheetName(), 0, column, true, true); }
运行效果如下:
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