本文主要是介绍SpringBoot中四种AOP实战应用场景及代码实现，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！
《SpringBoot中四种AOP实战应用场景及代码实现》面向切面编程(AOP)是Spring框架的核心功能之一,它通过预编译和运行期动态代理实现程序功能的统一维护,在SpringBoot应用中,AO...
引言
面向切面编程(AOP)是Spring框架的核心功能之一，它通过预编译和运行期动态代理实现程序功能的统一维护。在SpringBoot应用中，AOP能够帮助我们优雅地解决横切关注点问题，如日志记录、权限控制、性能监控等，这些功能往往贯穿整个应用但又不属于业务核心逻辑。
本文将介绍SpringBoot中4种AOP实战应用场景，包括代码实现、核心原理及实践。
场景一：日志记录与性能监控
业务需求
在企业级应用中，我们通常需要：
- 记录API请求的调用情况
- 监控方法执行时间，发现性能瓶颈
- 追踪方法调用的入参和返回结果
实现方案
@ASPect @Component @Slf4j public class LoggingAspect { /** * 定义切点：所有controller包下的所有方法 */ @Pointcut("execution(* com.example.demo.controller.*.*(..))") public void controllerMethods() {} /** * 环绕通知：记录请求日志和执行时间 */ @Around("controllerMethods()") public Object logAroundControllers(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable { // 获取方法签名 MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature(); String methodName = signature.getName(); String className = signature.getDeclaringTypeName(); // 记录请求参数 String params = Arrays.toString(joinPoint.getArgs()); log.info("Request to {}.{} with params: {}", className, methodName, params); // 记录开始时间 long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); // 执行目标方法 Object result; try { result = joinPoint.proceed(); // 计算执行时间 long executionTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime; // 记录返回结果和执行时间 log.info("Response from {}.{} ({}ms): {}", className, methodName, executionTime, result); // 记录慢方法 if (executionTime > 1000) { log.warn("Slow execution detected! {}.{} took {}ms", className, methodName, executionTime); } return result; } catch (Exception e) { // 记录异常信息 log.error("Exception in {}.{}: {}", className, methodName, e.getMessage(), e); throw e; } } /** * 定义服务层方法切点 */ @Pointcut("execution(* com.example.demo.service.*.*(..))") public void serviceMethods() {} /** * 记录服务层方法的关键调用 */ @Before("serviceMethods() && @annotation(logMethod)") public void logServiceMethod(JoinPoint joinPoint, LogMethod logMethod) { MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature(); String methodName = signature.getName(); // 获取参数名 String[] paramNames = signature.getParameterNames(); Object[] args = joinPoint.getArgs(); StringBuilder logMessage = new StringBuilder(); logMessage.append("Executing ").append(methodName).append(" with params: {"); for (int i = 0; i < paramNames.length; i++) { logMessage.append(paramNames[i]).append("=").append(args[i]); if (i < paramNames.length - 1) { logMessage.append(", "); } } ToNEglg logMessage.append("}"); // 根据注解设置的级别记录日志 switch (logMethod.level()) { case DEBUG: log.debug(logMessage.toString()); break; case INFO: log.info(logMessage.toString()); break; case WARN: log.warn(logMessage.toString()); break; case ERROR: log.error(logMessage.toString()); break; } } } /** * 自定义日志注解 */ @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Target(ElementType.METHOD) public @interface LogMethod { LogLevel level() default LogLevel.INFO; public enum LogLevel { DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR } }
使用示例
@Service
public class UserService {
@LogMethod(level = LogMethod.LogLevel.INFO)
public User findById(Long id) {
// 业务逻辑
return userRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);
}
@LogMethod(level = LogMethod.LogLevel.WARN)
public void updateUserStatus(Long userId, String status) {
// 更新用户状态
}
}
扩展：MDC实现请求跟踪
@Component
public class RequestIdFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
try {
// 为每个请求生成唯一ID
String requestId = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "");
MDC.put("requestId", requestId);
if (request instanceof HttpServletRequest) {
HttpServletRequest httpRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
// 记录用户信息
Authentication auth = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();
if (auth != null && auth.isAuthenticated()) {
MDC.put("userId", auth.getName());
}
MDC.put("remoteAddr", httpRequest.getRemoteAddr());
}
chain.doFilter(request, response);
} finally {
// 请求完成后清理MDC
MDC.clear();
}
}
}
场景二：权限控制与安全增强
业务需求
在企业应用中，权限控制是一个常见的需求：
- 基于角色的接口访问控制
- 细粒度的操作权限控制
- 对敏感数据访问的记录
实现方案
首先，创建自定义注解：
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
public @interface RequiresPermission {
/**
* 所需权限编码数组，满足其中任一即可
*/
String[] value() default {};
/**
* 权限逻辑类型：AND(同时具有所有权限), OR(满足任一权限即可)
*/
LogicalType logical() default LogicalType.OR;
public enum LogicalType {
AND, OR
}
}
实现权限切面：
@Aspect
@Component
@Slf4j
public class PermissionAspect {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
/**
* 定义切点：所有带有@RequiresPermission注解的方法
*/
@Pointcut("@annotation(com.example.demo.annotation.RequiresPermission)")
public void permissionCheck() {}
/**
* 权限验证前置通知
*/
@Before("permissionCheck() && @annotation(requiresPermission)")
public void checkPermission(JoinPoint joinPoint, RequiresPermission requiresPermission) {
// 获取当前用户
User currentUser = getCurrentUser();
if (currentUser == null) {
throw new UnauthorizedException("用户未登录或会话已过期");
}
// 获取用户权限列表
Set<String> userPermissions = userService.getUserPermissions(currentUser.getId());
// 获取注解中要求的权限
String[] requiredPermissions = requiresPermission.value();
RequiresPermission.LogicalType logicalType = requiresPermission.logical();
// 权限校验
booleaToNEglgn hasPermission = false;
if (logicalType == RequiresPermission.LogicalType.OR) {
// 满足任一权限即可
for (String permission : requiredPermissions) {
if (userPermissions.contains(permission)) {
hasPermission = true;
break;
}
}
} else {
// 必须同时满足所有权限
hasPermission = true;
for (String permission : requiredPermissions) {
if (!userPermissions.contains(permission)) {
hasPermission = false;
break;
}
}
}
if (!hasPermission) {
log.warn("用户 {} 尝试访问未授权资源: {}.{}",
currentUser.getUsername(),
joinPoint.getSignature().getDeclaringTypeName(),
joinPoint.getSignature().getName());
throw new ForbiddenException("权限不足，无法执行该操作");
}
// 记录敏感操作
log.info("用户 {} 执行了需授权操作: {}.{}",
currentUser.getUsername(),
joinPoint.getSignature().getDeclaringTypeName(),
joinPoint.getSignature().getName());
}
/**
* 定义切点：带有@RequiresRole注解的方法
*/
@Pointcut("@annotation(com.example.demo.annotation.RequiresRole)")
public void roleCheck() {}
/**
* 角色检查前置通知
*/
@Before("roleCheck() && @annotation(requiresRole)")
public void checkRole(JoinPoint joinPoint, RequiresRole requiresRole) {
// 获取当前用户
User currentUser = getCurrentUser();
if (currentUser == null) {
throw new UnauthorizedException("用户未登录或会话已过期");
}
// 获取用户角色
Set<String> userRoles = userService.getUserRoles(currentUser.getId());
// 获取注解中要求的角色
String[] requiredRoles = requiresRole.value();
// 角色校验
boolean hasRole = false;
for (String role : requiredRoles) {
if (userRoles.contains(role)) {
hasRole = true;
break;
}
}
if (!hasRole) {
log.warn("用户 {} 尝试访问未授权角色资源: {}.{}",
currentUser.getUsername(),
joinPoint.getSignature().getDeclaringTypeName(),
joinPoint.getSignature().getName());
throw new ForbiddenException("角色不足，无法执行该操作");
}
}
/**
* 数据权限过滤切点：针对查询方法
*/
@Pointcut("execution(* com.example.demo.service.*.find*(..))")
public void dataPermissionFilter() {}
/**
* 数据权限过滤通知
*/
@Around("dataPermissionFilter()")
public Object filterDataByPermission(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
// 获取当前用户
User currentUser = getCurrentUser();
// 默认情况下执行原方法
Object result = joinPoint.proceed();
// 如果是管理员，无需过滤数据
if (userService.isAdmin(currentUser.getId())) {
return result;
}
// 对查询结果进行过滤
if (result instanceof Collection) {
Collection<?> collection = (Collection<?>) result;
// 实现数据过滤逻辑...
} else if (result instanceof Page) {
Page<?> page = (Page<?>) result;
// 实现分页数据过滤...
}
return result;
}
/**
* 获取当前登录用户
*/
private User getCurrentUser() {
Authentication authentication = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();
if (authentication == null || !authentication.isAuthenticated()) {
return null;
}
Object principal = authentication.getPrincipal();
if (principal instanceof User) {
return (User) principal;
}
return null;
}
}
/**
* 自定义角色注解
*/
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
public @interface RequiresRole {
String[] value();
}
使用示例
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/users")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@GetMapping
@RequiresPermission("user:list")
public List<User> listUsers() {
return userService.findAll();
}
@GetMapping("/{id}")
@RequiresPermission("user:view")
public User getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
return userService.findById(id);
}
@PostMapping
@RequiresPermission(value = {"user:create", "user:edit"}, logical = RequiresPermission.LogicalType.OR)
public User createUser(@RequestBody User user) {
return userService.save(user);
}
@DeleteMapping("/{id}")
@RequiresRole("ADMIN")
public void deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
userService.delete(id);
}
@PutMapping("/{id}/status")
@RequiresPermission(value = {"user:edit", "user:manage"}, logical = RequiresPermission.LogicalType.AND)
public User updateUserStatus(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestParam String status) {
return userService.updateStatus(id, status);
}
}
场景三：自定义缓存实现
业务需求
缓存是提升应用性能的关键手段，通过AOP可以实现：
- 自定义缓存策略，满足特定业务需求
- 细粒度的缓存控制
- 灵活的缓存键生成和过期策略
实现方案
首先定义缓存注解：
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface Cacheable {
/**
* 缓存名称
*/
String cacheName();
/**
* 缓存键表达式，支持SpEL表达式
*/
String key() default "";
/**
* 过期时间（秒）
*/
long expireTime() default 300;
/**
* 是否使用方法参数作为缓存键的一部分
*/
boolean useMethodParameters() default true;
}
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface CacheEvict {
/**
* 缓存名称
*/
String cacheName();
/**
* 缓存键表达式
*/
String key() default "";
/**
* 是否清除所有缓存
*/
boolean allEntries() default false;
}
实现缓存切面：
@Aspect
@Component
@Slf4j
public class CacheAspect {
@Autowired
private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;
@Autowired
private CacheKeyGenerator keyGenerator;
/**
* 定义缓存获取切点
*/
@Pointcut("@annotation(com.example.demo.annotation.Cacheable)")
public void cacheableOperation() {}
/**
* 定义缓存清除切点
*/
@Pointcut("@annotation(com.example.demo.annotation.CacheEvict)")
public void cacheEvictOperation() {}
/**
* 缓存环绕通知
*/
@Around("cacheableOperation() && @annotation(cacheable)")
public Object handleCacheable(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint, Cacheable cacheable) throws Throwable {
// 生成缓存键
String cacheKey = generateCacheKey(joinPoint, cacheable.cacheName(), cacheable.key(), cacheable.useMethodParameters());
// 检查缓存中是否已有数据
Boolean hasKey = redisTemplate.hasKey(cacheKey);
if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(hasKey)) {
Object cachedValue = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(cacheKey);
log.debug("Cache hit for key: {}", cacheKey);
return cachedValue;
}
// 缓存未命中，执行方法获取结果
log.debug("Cache miss for key: {}", cacheKey);
Object result = joinPoint.proceed();
// 将结果存入缓存
if (result != null) {
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(cacheKey, result, cacheable.expireTime(), TimeUnit.SECONDS);
log.debug("Stored in cache with key: {}, expire time: {}s", cacheKey, cacheable.expireTime());
}
return result;
}
/**
* 缓存清除前置通知
*/
@Before("cacheEvictOperation() && @annotation(cacheEvict)")
public void handleCacheEvict(JoinPoint joinPoint, CacheEvict cacheEvict) {
if (cacheEvict.allEntries()) {
// 清除该缓存名称下的所有条目
String cachePattern = cacheEvict.cacheName() + ":*";
Set<String> keys = redisTemplate.keys(cachePattern);
if (keys != null && !keys.isEmpty()) {
redisTemplate.delete(keys);
log.debug("Cleared all cache entries with pattern: {}", cachePattern);
}
} else {
// 清除指定键的缓存
String cacheKey = generateCacheKey(joinPoint, cacheEvict.cacheName(), cacheEvict.key(), true);
redisTemplate.delete(cacheKey);
log.debug("Cleared cache with key: {}", cacheKey);
}
}
/**
* 生成缓存键
*/
private String generateCacheKey(JoinPoint joinPoint, String cacheName, String keyExpression, boolean useParams) {
StringBuilder keyBuilder = new StringBuilder(cacheName).append(":");
// 如果提供了自定义键表达式
if (StringUtils.hasText(keyExpression)) {
String evaLuatedKey = keyGenerator.generateKey(keyExpression, joinPoint);
keyBuilder.append(evaluatedKey);
} else if (useParams) {
// 使用方法签名和参数作为键
MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();
String methodName = signature.getName();
keyBuilder.append(methodName);
// 添加参数
Object[] args = joinPoint.getArgs();
if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
for (Object arg : args) {
if (arg != null) {
keyBuilder.append(":").append(arg.hashCode());
} else {
keyBuilder.append(":null");
}
}
}
} else {
// 仅使用方法名
keyBuilder.append(joinPoint.getSignature().getName());
}
return keyBuilder.toString();
}
}
/**
* 缓存键生成器，支持SpEL表达式
*/
@Component
public class CacheKeyGenerator {
private final ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();
private final StandardEvaluationContext context = new StandardEvaluationContext();
public String generateKey(String expression, JoinPoint joinPoint) {
MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();
Method method = signature.getMethod();
Object[] args = joinPoint.getArgs();
String[] parameterNames = signature.getParameterNames();
// 设置方法参数为上下文变量
for (int i = 0; i < parameterNames.length; i++) {
context.setVariable(parameterNames[i], args[i]);
}
// 添加额外的元数据
context.setVariable("method", method.getName());
context.setVariable("class", method.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName());
context.setVariable("target", joinPoint.getTarget());
// 执行表达式
Expression exp = parser.parseExpression(expression);
return exp.getValue(context, String.class);
}
}
Redis配置
@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {
@Bean
public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
template.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
// 使用Jackson2jsonRedisSerializer序列化值
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Object> jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<>(Object.class);
ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);
om.activateDefaultTyping(LaissezFaireSubTypeValidator.instance, ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);
jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om);
// 设置键的序列化方式为字符串
template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
// 值使用JSON序列化
template.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
// Hash键也使用字符串
template.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
// Hash值使用JSON序列化
template.setHashValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
template.afterPropertiesSet();
return template;
}
}
使用示例
@Service
public class ProductService {
@Autowired
private ProductRepository productRepository;
@Cacheable(cacheName = "products", expireTime = 3600)
public Product getById(Long id) {
return productRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);
}
@Cacheable(cacheName = "products", key = "'list:category:' + #categoryId", expireTime = 1800)
public List<Product> getByCategory(Long categoryId) {
return productRepository.findByCategoryId(categoryId);
}
@CacheEvict(cacheName = "products", allEntries = true)
public Product save(Product product) {
return productRepository.save(product);
}
@CacheEvict(cacheName = "products", key = "'list:category:' + #product.categoryId")
public void deleteProductFromCategory(Product product) {
productRepository.delete(product);
}
}
场景四：统一异常处理与重试机制
业务需求
在分布式系统或复杂业务场景中，我们常常需要：
- 优雅地处理异常
- 对某些操作进行自动重试
- 对关键操作进行幂等性保证
实现方案
首先定义重试和异常处理注解：
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface Retryable {
/**
* 最大重试次数
*/
int maxAttempts() default 3;
/**
* 重试间隔（毫秒）
*/
long backoff() default 1000;
/**
* 指定捕获的异常类型
*/
Class<? extends Throwable>[] value() default {Exception.class};
/**
* 重试策略
*/
RetryStrategy strategy() default RetryStrategy.FIXED;
/**
* 重试策略枚举
*/
enum RetryStrategy {
/**
* 固定间隔
*/
FIXED,
/**
* 指数退避
*/
EXPONENTIAL
}
}
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface Idempotent {
/**
* 幂等键表达式
*/
String key();
/**
* 过期时间（秒）
*/
long expireSeconds() default 300;
}
实现异常处理和重试切面：
@Aspect
@Component
@Slf4j
public class RetryAspect {
@Autowired
private RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;
/**
* 定义可重试操作切点
*/
@Pointcut("@annotation(com.example.demo.annotation.Retryable)")
public void retryableOperation() {}
/**
* 定义幂等操作切点
*/
@Pointcut("@annotation(com.example.demo.annotation.Idempotent)")
public void idempotentOperation() {}
/**
* 重试环绕通知
*/
@Around("retryableOperation() && @annotation(retryable)")
public Object handleRetry(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint, Retryable retryable) throws Throwable {
int attempts = 0;
Class<? extends Throwable>[] retryableExceptions = retryable.value();
Retryable.RetryStrategy strategy = retryable.strategy();
while (true) {
attempts++;
try {
// 执行目标方法
return joinPoint.proceed();
} catch (Throwable t) {
// 检查是否是需要重试的异常类型
boolean shouldRetry = false;
for (Class<? extends Throwable> exceptionType : retryableExceptions) {
if (exceptionType.isInstance(t)) {
shouldRetry = true;
break;
}
}
// 如果不需要重试，或者达到最大重试次数，则抛出异常
if (!shouldRetry || attempts >= retryable.maxAttempts()) {
log.warn("Method {} failed after {} attempts: {}",
joinPoint.getSignature().getName(), attempts, t.getMessage());
throw t;
}
// 计算重试等待时间
long waitTime;
if (strategy == Retryable.RetryStrategy.EXPONENTIAL) {
// 指数退避: 基础时间 * 2^(尝试次数-1)
waitTime = retryable.backoff() * (long) Math.pow(2, attempts - 1);
} else {
// 固定间隔
waitTime = retryable.backoff();
}
log.info("Retrying {} (attempt {}/{}) after {} ms due to: {}",
joinPoint.getSignature().getName(),
attempts,
retryable.maxAttempts(),
waitTime,
t.getMessage());
// 等待指定时间后重试
Thread.sleep(waitTime);
}
}
}
/**
* 幂等性环绕通知
*/
@Around("idempotentOperation() && @annotation(idempotent)")
public Object handleIdempotent(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint, Idempotent idempotent) throws Throwable {
// 解析幂等键
String idempotentKey = resolveIdempotentKey(joinPoint, idempotent.key());
String lockKey = "idempotent:" + idempotentKey;
// 尝试设置分布式锁
Boolean success = redisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(
lockKey, "PROCESSING", idempotent.expireSeconds(), TimeUnit.SECONDS);
if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(success)) {
try {
// 获取锁成功，执行业务逻辑
Object result = joinPoint.proceed();
// 将结果存入Redis
String resultKey = "result:" + lockKey;
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(
resultKey, new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(result),
idempotent.expireSeconds(), TimeUnit.SECONDS);
// 标记为已处理
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(
lockKey, "COMPLETED", idempotent.expireSeconds(), TimeUnit.SECONDS);
return result;
} catch (Throwable t) {
// 处理失败，标记错误
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(
lockKey, "ERROR:" + t.getMessage(), idempotent.expireSeconds(), TimeUnit.SECONDS);
throw t;
}
} else {
// 获取锁失败，表示操作正在处理或已处理
String status = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(lockKey);
if ("PROCESSING".equals(status)) {
// 还在处理中
throw new ConcurrentOperationException("操作正在处理中，请勿重复提交");
} else if (status != null && status.startsWith("ERROR:")) {
// 之前处理出错
throw new OperationFailedException("操作处理失败: " + status.substring(6));
} else if ("COMPLETED".equals(status)) {
// 已完成，尝试返回之前的结果
String resultKey = "result:" + lockKey;
String resultJson = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(resultKey);
if (resultJson != null) {
// 将JSON反序列化为响应对象
Method method = ((MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature()).getMethod();
Class<?> returnType = method.getReturnType();
try {
return new ObjectMapper().readValue(resultJson, returnType);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("Failed to deserialize cached result: {}", e.getMessage());
}
}
// 如果没有找到结果或反序列化失败，返回成功但无法提供上次结果的消息
throw new OperationAlreadyCompletedException("操作已成功处理，但无法提供上次操作的结果");
}
// 状态未知，抛出异常
throw new OperationFailedException("操作状态未知");
}
}
/**
* 解析幂等键表达式
*/
private String resolveIdempotentKey(JoinPoint joinPoint, String keyExpression) {
MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();
String[] paramNames = signature.getParameterNames();
Object[] args = joinPoint.getArgs();
// 创建表达式上下文
StandardEvaluationContext context = new StandardEvaluationContext();
// 添加方法参数
for (int i = 0; i < paramNames.length; i++) {
context.setVariable(paramNames[i], args[i]);
}
// 添加类名和方法名
context.setVariable("method", signature.getMethod().getName());
context.setVariable("class", signature.getDeclaringType().getSimpleName());
// 解析表达式
ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();
Expression expression = parser.parseExpression(keyExpression);
return expression.getValue(context, String.class);
}
}
// 自定义异常类
public class ConcurrentOperationException extends RuntimeException {
public ConcurrentOperationException(String message) {
super(message);
}
}
public class OperationFailedException extends RuntimeException {
public OperationFailedException(String message) {
super(message);
}
}
public class OperationAlreadyCompletedException extends RuntimeException {
public OperationAlreadyCompletedException(String message) {
super(message);
}
}
使用示例
@Service
public class PaymentService {
@Autowired
private PaymentGateway paymentGateway;
@Autowired
private OrderRepository orderRepository;
/**
* 远程支付处理，可能遇到网络问题需要重试
*/
@Retryable(
value = {ConnectException.class, TimeoutException.class, PaymentGatewayException.class},
maxAttempts = 3,
backojsff = 2000,
strategy = Retryabphple.RetryStrategy.EXPONENTIAL
)
public PaymentResult processPayment(String orderId, BigDecimal amount) {
log.info("Processing payment for order {} with amount {}", orderId, amount);
// 调用远程支付网关
return paymentGateway.processPayment(orderId, amount);
}
/**
* 订单退款，需要保证幂等性
*/
@Idempotent(key = "'refund:' + #orderId", expireSeconds = 3600)
public RefundResult refundOrder(String orderId) {
Order order = orderRepository.findById(orderId)
.orElseThrow(() -> new OrderNotFoundException("Order not found: " + orderId));
// 验证订单状态
if (!"PAID".equals(order.getStatus())) {
throw new InvalidOrderStatusException("Cannot refund order with status: " + order.getStatus());
}
// 调用支付网关退款
RefundResult result = paymentGateway.refund(order.getPaymentId(), order.getTotalAmount());
// 更新订单状态
order.setStatus("REFUNDED");
order.setRefundTime(LocalDateTime.now());
orderRepository.save(order);
return result;
android }
}
@Service
public class StockService {
@Autowired
private StockRepository stockRepository;
/**
* 扣减库存，需要在分布式环境下重试和幂等
*/
@Retryable(
value = {OptimisticLockException.class, StockInsufficientException.class},
maxAttempts = 5,
backoff = 500
)
@Idempotent(key = "'deduct:' + #orderId")
public void deductStock(String orderId, List<OrderItem> items) {
// 检查是否存在库存记录
for (OrderItem item : items) {
Stock stock = stockRepository.findByProductId(item.getProductId());
if (stock == null) {
throw new ProductNotFoundException("Product not found: " + item.getProductId());
}
if (stock.getAvailable() < item.getQuantity()) {
throw new StockInsufficientException(
"Insufficient stock for product: " + item.getProductId() +
", requested: " + item.getQuantity() +
", available: " + stock.getAvailable());
}
}
// 执行库存扣减
for (OrderItem item : items) {
stockRepository.deductStock(item.getProductId(), item.getQuantity());
}
}
}
结论
AOP是SpringBoot中一个强大的编程范式，通过这些模式，我们可以将横切关注点与业务逻辑解耦，使代码更加模块化、可维护，同时提高系统的健壮性和安全性。
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