本文主要是介绍springboot security使用jwt认证方式，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！
《springbootsecurity使用jwt认证方式》：本文主要介绍springbootsecurity使用jwt认证方式,具有很好的参考价值,希望对大家有所帮助,如有错误或未考虑完全的地...
前言
在前面的几篇文章中：
- spring boot security快速使用示例
- spring boot security之前后端分离配置
- spring boot security自定义认证
- spring boot security验证码登录示例
基本对常用的基于cookie和session的认证使用场景都已覆盖。但是session属于有状态认证，本文给出一个无状态的认证：jwt认证示例。
代码示例
下面会提供完整的示例代码：
依赖
使用的spring boot 2.6.11版本，jdk8。
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.18.20</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.github.penggle</groupId> <artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId> <version>2.3.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId> <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId> <version>0.9.1</versionChina编程> </dependency>
定义mapper
定义一个查询用户信息的接口：
@Component
public class UserMapper {
public User select(String username) {
return new User(username, "pass");
}
}定义用户信息的实体bean
@Data
public class User {
private String username;
private String password;
private String captcha;
public User() {
}
public User(String username, String password) {
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
}
public User(String username, String password, String captcha) {
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
this.captcha = captcha;
}
}security相关的类
- 实现spring security内置的UserDetailsService接口，根据用户名返回用户信息：
@Slf4j
@Component
public class UserDetailsServiceImpl implements UserDetailsService {
public static final UserDetails INVALID_USER =
new org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User("invalid_user", "invalid_password", Collections.emptyList());
private final UserMapper userMapper;
public UserDetailsServiceImpl(UserMapper userMapper) {
this.userMapper = userMapper;
}
@Override
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
// 根据用户名从数据库查询用户信息
User user = userMapper.select(username);
if (user == null) {
/**
* 如果没查询到这个用户，考虑两种选择：
* 1. 返回一个标记无效用户的常量对象
* 2. 返回一个不可能认证通过的用户
*/
return INVALID_USER;
// return new User(username, System.currentTimeMillis() + UUID.randomUUID().toString(), Collections.emptyList());
}
/**
* 这里返回的用户密码是否为库里保存的密码，是明文/密文，取决于认证时密码比对部分的实现，每个人的场景不一样，
* 因为使用的是不加密的PasswordEncoder，所以可以返回明文
*/
return new org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User(username, user.getPassword(), Collections.emptyList());
}
}- 定义jwt工具类
public class JwtUtil {
public static final String SECRET = TextCodec.BASE64.encode("secret");
public static final long EXPIRE_SECONDS = 3600L;
/**
* 从token中解析出用户名
*/
public static String getUsernameFromToken(String token) {
return getClaimFromToken(token, Claims::get编程Subject);
}
/**
* 从token中获取过期时间
*/
public static Date getExpirationDateFromToken(String token) {
return getClaimFromToken(token, Claims::getExpiration);
}
/**
* 解析出token声明.
*/
public static <T> T getClaimFromToken(String token, Function<Claims, T> claimsResolver) {
final Claims claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(SECRET).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();
return claimsResolver.apply(claims);
}
/**
* token是否过期
*/
public static Boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {
final Date expiration = getExpirationDateFromToken(token);
return expiration.before(new Date());
}
/**
* 生成token
*/
public static String generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) {
jsMap<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>();
return doGenerateToken(claims, userDetails.getUsername());
}
/**
* token是否合法.
*/
public static Boolean isValidateToken(String token, UserDetails userDetails) {
final String username = getUsernameFromToken(token);
return (username.equals(userDetails.getUsername()) && !isTokenExpired(token));
}
private static String doGenerateToken(Map<String, Object> claims, String subject) {
return Jwts.builder().setClaims(claims).setSubject(subject).setIssuedAt(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()))
.setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMiphpllis() + EXPIRE_SECONDS * 1000))
.signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, SECRET).compact();
}
}- 定义jwt认证的过滤器
@Slf4j
@Component
public class JwtRequestFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
private final UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
public JwtRequestFilter(UserDetailsService userDetailsService) {
this.userDetailsService = userDetailsService;
}
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
throws ServletException, IOException {
final String requestTokenHeader = request.getHeader(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION);
String username = null;
String jwtToken = null;
if (requestTokenHeader != null && requestTokenHeader.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
jwtToken = requestTokenHeader.substring(7);
try {
username = JwtUtil.getUsernameFromToken(jwtToken);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("获取token失败: {}, {}", jwtToken, e.getMessage());
}
}
if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {
// 根据用户名加载用户信息
UserDetails userDetails = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
// 判断token是否有效
if (JwtUtil.isValidateToken(jwtToken, userDetails)) {
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken usernamePasswordAuthenticationToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities());
usernamePasswordAuthenticationToken
.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(usernamePasswordAuthenticationToken);
}
}
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}- 注册相关bean到spring容器
@Configuration
public class WebConfiguration {
@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
// 示例，不对密码进行加密处理
return NoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance();
}
@Bean
public AuthenticationManager authenticationManager(UserDetailsService userDetailsService, PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder) {
DaoAuthenticationProvider provider = new DaoAuthenticationProvider();
// 设置加载用户信息的类
provider.setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService);
// 比较用户密码的时候，密码加密方式
provider.setPasswordEncoder(passwordEncoder);
return new ProviderManager(Arrays.asList(provider));
}
@Bean
public Producer defaultKaptcha() {
Properties properties = new Properties();
// 还有一些其它属性，可以进行源码自己看相关配置，比较清楚了，根据变量名也能猜出来什么意思了
properties.setProperty(Constants.KAPTCHA_IMAGE_WIDTH, "150");
properties.setProperty(Constants.KAPTCHA_IMAGE_HEIGHT, "50");
properties.setProperty(Constants.KAPTCHA_TEXTPRODUCER_CHAR_STRING, "0123456789abcdefghigklmnopqrstuvwxyz");
properties.setProperty(Constants.KAPTCHA_TEXTPRODUCER_CHAR_LENGTH, "4");
Config config = new Config(properties);
DefaultKaptcha defaultKaptcha = new DefaultKaptcha();
defaultKaptcha.setConfig(config);
return defaultKaptcha;
}
}- 自定义 WebSecurityConfigurer
@Component
public class WebSecurityConfigurer extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
private final JwtRequestFilter jwtRequestFilter;
public WebSecurityConfigurer(JwtRequestFilter jwtRequestFilter) {
this.jwtRequestFilter = jwtRequestFilter;
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
// 在这里自定义配置
http.authorizeRequests()
// 登录相关接口都允许访问
.antMatchers("/login/**").permitAll()
.anyRequest()
.authenticated()
.and()
.exceptionHandling()
// 认证失败返回401状态码，前端页面可以根据401状态码跳转到登录页面
.authenticationEntryPoint((request, response, authException) ->
response.sendError(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value(), HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.getReasonPhrase()))
.and().cors()
// csrf是否决定禁用，请自行考量
.and().csrf().disable()
// 采用http 的基本认证.
.httpBasic()
// 设置session是无关的
.and().sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
.and().addFilterBefore(jwtRequestFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
}
}提供登录接口
@RequestMapping("/login")
@RestController
public class LoginController {
private final AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
private final Producer producer;
public LoginController(Authenticat编程ionManager authenticationManager, Producer producer) {
this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager;
this.producer = producer;
}
@PostMapping()
public Object login(@RequestBody User user, HttpSession session) {
Object captcha = session.getAttribute(Constants.KAPTCHA_SESSION_KEY);
if (captcha == null || !captcha.toString().equalsIgnoreCase(user.getCaptcha())) {
return "captcha is not correct.";
}
try {
// 使用定义的AuthenticationManager进行认证处理
Authentication authenticate = authenticationManager.authenticate(new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword()));
// 认证通过，设置到当前上下文，如果当前认证过程后续还有处理的逻辑需要的话。这个示例是没有必要了
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authenticate);
String token = JwtUtil.generateToken((UserDetails) authenticate.getPrincipal());
return token;
} catch (Exception e) {
return "login failed";
}
}
/**
* 获取验证码，需要的话，可以提供一个验证码获取的接口，在上面的login里把验证码传进来进行比对
*/
@GetMapping("/captcha")
public void captcha(HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session) throws IOException {
response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
String text = producer.createText();
session.setAttribute(Constants.KAPTCHA_SESSION_KEY, text);
BufferedImage image = producer.createImage(text);
try (ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream()) {
ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", out);
}
}
}测试
提供一个用于测试的接口
@RequestMapping("/hello")
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@GetMapping("/world")
public Object helloWorld() {
return "hello, world";
}
}验证
- 获取验证码
- 登录
- 使用登录的token访问接口
- 如果没有token或不正确是访问受限的
总结
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