本文主要是介绍Junit + Mockito 使用资料整理，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！
1、简单介绍
junit，验证实际调用结果，可以断点调试，也可以检查代码覆盖率
mockito，mock测试框架的一种，可以用来mock外部接口服务和数据，并非真实调用，辅助完成数据mock来验证流程
2、学习资料
Mockito官网
https://site.mockito.org
B站汪文君Mockito视频讲解
https://www.bilibili.com/video/av67760177
3、环境配置
版本号可以自己适配
<!-- junit -->
<dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.8.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mockito -->
<dependency><groupId>org.mockito</groupId><artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId><version>1.10.19</version><scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
4、测试代码结构及实例
基础测试类，通过注解配置Junit+Mockito测试环境
/*** created by guanjian on 2019/11/4 10:54*/
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("/spring-config.xml")
public class BaseTest {@BeforeClasspublic static void init() {}@Beforepublic void initMocks() {MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);}
}
具体测试类
@InjectMocks 真实执行，针对实现类使用，不能作用在接口上
@Mock 非真实执行，针对Mock类进行虚拟
@Spy 真实执行
/*** created by guanjian on 2019/11/4 9:20*/
public class ChsiServiceTest extends BaseTest {private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ChsiServiceTest.class);@InjectMocksprivate ChsiServiceImpl chsiService;@Mockprivate CampusVerifyFlowResource campusVerifyFlowResourceJSF;@Mockprivate H5CampusStudentAuthResource h5CampusStudentAuthResourceJSF;@Mockprivate BizCacheService bizCacheService;@Spyprivate ChsiAuthResultVo mqVo;@Beforepublic void initMqVo() {mqVo.setZxs("1");mqVo.setReqId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());mqVo.setAuth("1");}@Testpublic void test_handleChsiAuthResult() {String pin = "testPin";StudentActivationRes studentActivationResSucc = new StudentActivationRes();com.jd.jr.baitiao.campus.export.vo.result.Result resultSucc = new com.jd.jr.baitiao.campus.export.vo.result.Result();resultSucc.setCode("CSA_SA_00");studentActivationResSucc.setResult(resultSucc);StudentActivationRes studentActivationResFail = new StudentActivationRes();com.jd.jr.baitiao.campus.export.vo.result.Result resultFail = new com.jd.jr.baitiao.campus.export.vo.result.Result();resultFail.setCode("CSA_SA_01");studentActivationResFail.setResult(resultFail);when(bizCacheService.getChsiPinByReqId(anyString())).thenReturn(pin, pin, pin);when(campusVerifyFlowResourceJSF.updateCampusVerifyFlow(any(CampusVerifyFlowUpdateReq.class))).thenReturn(Result.buildSuccessResult(), Result.buildErrorResult("0001", "失败"), Result.buildSuccessResult());when(h5CampusStudentAuthResourceJSF.studentActivation(any(StudentActivationReq.class))).thenReturn(studentActivationResSucc, studentActivationResFail, studentActivationResSucc);doNothing().when(bizCacheService).delChsiPinReqId(pin);//正常流程LOGGER.info("结果MQ处理开始。mqVo:{}", GsonUtils.toJson(mqVo));chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(mqVo);LOGGER.info("结果MQ处理结束。");//流水失败LOGGER.info("结果MQ处理开始。mqVo:{}", GsonUtils.toJson(mqVo));try {chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(mqVo);} catch (Exception e) {Assert.assertThat("更新流水失败", e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));}LOGGER.info("结果MQ处理结束。");//激活学生身份失败LOGGER.info("结果MQ处理开始。mqVo:{}", GsonUtils.toJson(mqVo));try {chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(mqVo);} catch (Exception e) {Assert.assertThat("激活失败", e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));}LOGGER.info("MQ处理结束。");}/*** 验证mq** @description [auth、reqId]不为空。* [auth]必须是0或1或3。* [zxs]必须是0或1或空。*/@Testpublic void test_checkMessageBody() {//[auth、reqId]不为空。ChsiAuthResultVo vo = new ChsiAuthResultVo();vo.setAuth(null);vo.setReqId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());try {LOGGER.info("请求开始。req：{}", GsonUtils.toJson(vo));chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(vo);} catch (Exception e) {assertThat(e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));} finally {vo = new ChsiAuthResultVo();}vo.setAuth("1");vo.setReqId(null);try {LOGGER.info("请求开始。req：{}", GsonUtils.toJson(vo));chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(vo);} catch (Exception e) {assertThat(e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));}vo.setAuth(null);vo.setReqId(null);try {LOGGER.info("请求开始。req：{}", GsonUtils.toJson(vo));chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(vo);} catch (Exception e) {assertThat(e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));}vo.setAuth("1");vo.setReqId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());try {LOGGER.info("请求开始。req：{}", GsonUtils.toJson(vo));chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(vo);} catch (Exception e) {assertThat(e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));}//[auth]必须是0或1或3。vo.setAuth("5");vo.setReqId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());vo.setZxs(null);try {LOGGER.info("请求开始。req：{}", GsonUtils.toJson(vo));chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(vo);} catch (Exception e) {assertThat(e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));}//[zxs]必须是0或1或空。vo.setAuth("0");vo.setReqId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());vo.setZxs("5");try {LOGGER.info("请求开始。req：{}", GsonUtils.toJson(vo));chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(vo);} catch (Exception e) {assertThat(e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));}}
}
5、测试用例代码覆盖率
1、首先找到IDEA工具中Edit Configuration选项
2、点击小加号，选择Junit
3、配置Junit中的Configuration基础配置，定位要运行的项目，参考下图，选择项目路径
4、配置Junit中的Code Coverage，按照包名去匹配检查覆盖率，参考下图，我们要检查web和service包下代码覆盖率
5、以上步骤配置完成Junit和检查规则，切回到主视图，选择配置的Junit，点击下图运行按钮，开始跑测试用例
6、运行完成后，可以在控制台看到检查结果，运行的测试方法数，成功数，失败数。
7、IDEA右侧视图会显示我们的Junit配置检查规则下代码覆盖率情况，有三个维度，类、方法、行，我们关注方法这栏即可，web覆盖100%，service覆盖60%。点击进入可以看到每个包目录下更细致的覆盖情况，一般像缓存方法的api我们可以忽略，mock方法执行的不会实际执行会影响覆盖率，执行失败的方法也会影响覆盖率。
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