各种hash函数

常用的字符串Hash函数还有ELFHash，APHash等等，都是十分简单有效的方法。这些函数使用
位运算使得每一个字符都对最后的函数值产生影响。另外还有以MD5和SHA1为代表的杂凑函数，
这些函数几乎不可能找到碰撞。
常用字符串哈希函数有BKDRHash，APHash，DJBHash，JSHash，RSHash，SDBMHash，
PJWHash，ELFHash等等。对于以上几种哈希函数，我对其进行了一个小小的评测。 
 Hash函数数据1数据2数据3数据4数据1得分数据2得分数据3得分数据4得分平均分BKDRHash20477448196.5510090.9582.0592.64APHash23475449396.5588.4610051.2886.28DJBHash22497547496.5592.31010083.43JSHash14476150610084.6296.8317.9581.94RSHash10486150510010051.5820.5175.96SDBMHash32484950493.192.3157.0123.0872.41PJWHash302648785130043.89021.95ELFHash302648785130043.89021.95
其中数据1为100000个字母和数字组成的随机串哈希冲突个数。数据2为100000个有意义的英文句
子哈希冲突个数。数据3为数据1的哈希值与1000003(大素数)求模后存储到线性表中冲突的个数。
数据4为数据1的哈希值与10000019(更大素数)求模后存储到线性表中冲突的个数。
经过比较，得出以上平均得分。平均数为平方平均数。可以发现，BKDRHash无论是在实际效果还是
编码实现中，效果都是最突出的。APHash也是较为优秀的算法。DJBHash,JSHash,RSHash与
SDBMHash各有千秋。PJWHash与ELFHash效果最差，但得分相似，其算法本质是相似的。
在信息修竞赛中，要本着易于编码调试的原则，个人认为BKDRHash是最适合记忆和使用的。
CmYkRgB123原创，欢迎建议、交流、批评和指正。
 
附：各种哈希函数的C语言程序代码

unsigned int SDBMHash(char *str)
{
    unsigned int hash = 0;
 
    while (*str)
    {
        // equivalent to: hash = 65599*hash + (*str++);
        hash = (*str++) + (hash << 6) + (hash << 16) - hash;
    }
 
    return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF);
}
 
// RS Hash 
unsigned int RSHash(char *str)
{
    unsigned int b = 378551;
    unsigned int a = 63689;
    unsigned int hash = 0;
 
    while (*str)
    {
        hash = hash * a + (*str++);
        a *= b;
    }
 
    return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF);
}
 
// JS Hash 
unsigned int JSHash(char *str)
{
    unsigned int hash = 1315423911;
 
    while (*str)
    {
        hash ^= ((hash << 5) + (*str++) + (hash >> 2));
    }
 
    return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF);
}
 
// P. J. Weinberger Hash 
unsigned int PJWHash(char *str)
{
    unsigned int BitsInUnignedInt = (unsigned int)(sizeof(unsigned int) * 8);
    unsigned int ThreeQuarters    = (unsigned int)((BitsInUnignedInt  * 3) / 4);
    unsigned int OneEighth = (unsigned int)(BitsInUnignedInt / 8);
    unsigned int HighBits = (unsigned int)(0xFFFFFFFF) << (BitsInUnignedInt 
                                               - OneEighth);
    unsigned int hash    = 0;
    unsigned int test    = 0;
 
    while (*str)
    {
        hash = (hash << OneEighth) + (*str++);
        if ((test = hash & HighBits) != 0)
        {             hash = ((hash ^ (test >> ThreeQuarters)) & (~HighBits));         }
    }
 
    return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF);
}
 
// ELF Hash 
unsigned int ELFHash(char *str)
{
    unsigned int hash = 0;
    unsigned int x    = 0;
 
    while (*str)
    {
        hash = (hash << 4) + (*str++);
        if ((x = hash & 0xF0000000L) != 0)
        {             hash ^= (x >> 24);             hash &= ~x;         }
    }
 
    return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF);
}
 
// BKDR Hash 
unsigned int BKDRHash(char *str)
{
    unsigned int seed = 131; // 31 131 1313 13131 131313 etc..
    unsigned int hash = 0;
 
    while (*str)
    {
        hash = hash * seed + (*str++);
    }
 
    return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF);
}
 
// DJB Hash 
unsigned int DJBHash(char *str)
{
    unsigned int hash = 5381;
 
    while (*str)
    {
        hash += (hash << 5) + (*str++);
    }
 
    return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF);
}
 
// AP Hash 
unsigned int APHash(char *str)
{
    unsigned int hash = 0;
    int i;
 
    for (i=0; *str; i++)
    {
        if ((i & 1) == 0)
        {             hash ^= ((hash << 7) ^ (*str++) ^ (hash >> 3));         }
        else
        {             hash ^= (~((hash << 11) ^ (*str++) ^ (hash >> 5)));         }
    }
 
    return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF);
}