Clickhouse集群化（三）集群化部署

本文主要是介绍Clickhouse集群化（三）集群化部署，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！

1. 准备

clickhouse支持副本和分片的能力，但是自身无法实现需要借助zookeeper或者clickhouse-operator来实现不同节点之间数据同步，同时clickhouse的数据是最终一致性。

2. Zookeeper

副本的写入流程

没有主从概念平等地位互为副本

2.1. 部署zookeeper

# Setup Service to provide access to Zookeeper for clients
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:# DNS would be like zookeeper.zoonsname: zookeeperlabels:app: zookeeper
spec:ports:- port: 2181name: client- port: 7000name: prometheusselector:app: zookeeperwhat: node
---
# Setup Headless Service for StatefulSet
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:# DNS would be like zookeeper-0.zookeepers.etcname: zookeeperslabels:app: zookeeper
spec:ports:- port: 2888name: server- port: 3888name: leader-electionclusterIP: Noneselector:app: zookeeperwhat: node
---
# Setup max number of unavailable pods in StatefulSet
apiVersion: policy/v1
kind: PodDisruptionBudget
metadata:name: zookeeper-pod-disruption-budget
spec:selector:matchLabels:app: zookeepermaxUnavailable: 1
---
# Setup Zookeeper StatefulSet
# Possible params:
# 1. replicas
# 2. memory
# 3. cpu
# 4. storage
# 5. storageClassName
# 6. user to run app
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:# nodes would be named as zookeeper-0, zookeeper-1, zookeeper-2name: zookeeperlabels:app: zookeeper
spec:selector:matchLabels:app: zookeeperserviceName: zookeepersreplicas: 2updateStrategy:type: RollingUpdatepodManagementPolicy: OrderedReadytemplate:metadata:labels:app: zookeeperwhat: nodeannotations:prometheus.io/port: '7000'prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'spec:affinity:podAntiAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:- labelSelector:matchExpressions:- key: "app"operator: Invalues:- zookeeper# TODO think about multi-AZ EKS# topologyKey: topology.kubernetes.io/zonetopologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"containers:- name: kubernetes-zookeeperimagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentimage: "zookeeper:3.8.4"resources:requests:memory: "512M"cpu: "1"limits:memory: "4Gi"cpu: "2"ports:- containerPort: 2181name: client- containerPort: 2888name: server- containerPort: 3888name: leader-election- containerPort: 7000name: prometheusenv:- name: SERVERSvalue: "3"# See those links for proper startup settings:
# https://github.com/kow3ns/kubernetes-zookeeper/blob/master/docker/scripts/start-zookeeper
# https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/operations/tips/#zookeeper
# https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/issues/11781command:- bash- -x- -c- |HOST=`hostname -s` &&DOMAIN=`hostname -d` &&CLIENT_PORT=2181 &&SERVER_PORT=2888 &&ELECTION_PORT=3888 &&PROMETHEUS_PORT=7000 &&ZOO_DATA_DIR=/var/lib/zookeeper/data &&ZOO_DATA_LOG_DIR=/var/lib/zookeeper/datalog &&{echo "clientPort=${CLIENT_PORT}"echo 'tickTime=2000'echo 'initLimit=300'echo 'syncLimit=10'echo 'maxClientCnxns=2000'echo 'maxTimeToWaitForEpoch=2000'echo 'maxSessionTimeout=60000000'echo "dataDir=${ZOO_DATA_DIR}"echo "dataLogDir=${ZOO_DATA_LOG_DIR}"echo 'autopurge.snapRetainCount=10'echo 'autopurge.purgeInterval=1'echo 'preAllocSize=131072'echo 'snapCount=3000000'echo 'leaderServes=yes'echo 'standaloneEnabled=false'echo '4lw.commands.whitelist=*'echo 'metricsProvider.className=org.apache.zookeeper.metrics.prometheus.PrometheusMetricsProvider'echo "metricsProvider.httpPort=${PROMETHEUS_PORT}"echo "skipACL=true"echo "fastleader.maxNotificationInterval=10000"} > /conf/zoo.cfg &&{echo "zookeeper.root.logger=CONSOLE"echo "zookeeper.console.threshold=INFO"echo "log4j.rootLogger=\${zookeeper.root.logger}"echo "log4j.appender.CONSOLE=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender"echo "log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Threshold=\${zookeeper.console.threshold}"echo "log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout"echo "log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ISO8601} - %-5p [%t:%C{1}@%L] - %m%n"} > /conf/log4j.properties &&echo 'JVMFLAGS="-Xms128M -Xmx4G -XX:ActiveProcessorCount=8 -XX:+AlwaysPreTouch -Djute.maxbuffer=8388608 -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=50"' > /conf/java.env &&if [[ $HOST =~ (.*)-([0-9]+)$ ]]; thenNAME=${BASH_REMATCH[1]} &&ORD=${BASH_REMATCH[2]};elseecho "Failed to parse name and ordinal of Pod" &&exit 1;fi &&mkdir -pv ${ZOO_DATA_DIR} &&mkdir -pv ${ZOO_DATA_LOG_DIR} &&whoami &&chown -Rv zookeeper "$ZOO_DATA_DIR" "$ZOO_DATA_LOG_DIR" &&export MY_ID=$((ORD+1)) &&echo $MY_ID > $ZOO_DATA_DIR/myid &&for (( i=1; i<=$SERVERS; i++ )); doecho "server.$i=$NAME-$((i-1)).$DOMAIN:$SERVER_PORT:$ELECTION_PORT" >> /conf/zoo.cfg;done &&if [[ $SERVERS -eq 1 ]]; thenecho "group.1=1" >> /conf/zoo.cfg;elseecho "group.1=1:2:3" >> /conf/zoo.cfg;fi &&for (( i=1; i<=$SERVERS; i++ )); doWEIGHT=1if [[ $i == 1 ]]; thenWEIGHT=10fiecho "weight.$i=$WEIGHT" >> /conf/zoo.cfg;done &&zkServer.sh start-foregroundreadinessProbe:exec:command:- bash- -c- 'IFS=; MNTR=$(exec 3<>/dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/2181 ; printf "mntr" >&3 ; tee <&3; exec 3<&- ;);while [[ "$MNTR" == "This ZooKeeper instance is not currently serving requests" ]];doecho "wait mntr works";sleep 1;MNTR=$(exec 3<>/dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/2181 ; printf "mntr" >&3 ; tee <&3; exec 3<&- ;);done;STATE=$(echo -e $MNTR | grep zk_server_state | cut -d " " -f 2);if [[ "$STATE" =~ "leader" ]]; thenecho "check leader state";SYNCED_FOLLOWERS=$(echo -e $MNTR | grep zk_synced_followers | awk -F"[[:space:]]+" "{print \$2}" | cut -d "." -f 1);if [[ "$SYNCED_FOLLOWERS" != "0" ]]; then./bin/zkCli.sh ls /;exit $?;elseexit 0;fi;elif [[ "$STATE" =~ "follower" ]]; thenecho "check follower state";PEER_STATE=$(echo -e $MNTR | grep zk_peer_state);if [[ "$PEER_STATE" =~ "following - broadcast" ]]; then./bin/zkCli.sh ls /;exit $?;elseexit 1;fi;elseexit 1;  fi'initialDelaySeconds: 10periodSeconds: 60timeoutSeconds: 60livenessProbe:exec:command:- bash- -xc- 'date && OK=$(exec 3<>/dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/2181 ; printf "ruok" >&3 ; IFS=; tee <&3; exec 3<&- ;); if [[ "$OK" == "imok" ]]; then exit 0; else exit 1; fi'initialDelaySeconds: 10periodSeconds: 30timeoutSeconds: 5volumeMounts:- name: datadir-volumemountPath: /var/lib/zookeeper# Run as a non-privileged usersecurityContext:runAsUser: 1000fsGroup: 1000volumes:- name: datadir-volumeemptyDir:medium: "" #accepted values:  empty str (means node's default medium) or MemorysizeLimit: 1Gi

3. 借助多副本模式部署clickhouse

clickhouse-operator可以只通过配置标签来部署集群化clickhouse

尝试使用部署多个pod的方式+zookeeper来进行数据同步与分片

3.1. 多副本

修改副本数：3

修改pod亲和：使得不通pod分不到不同node节点中

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:name: clickhouselabels:app: clickhousenamespace: default
spec:replicas: 3serviceName: clickhouseselector:matchLabels:app: clickhousetemplate:metadata:labels:app: clickhousespec:containers:- name: clickhouseimage: clickhouse/clickhouse-server:24.1.2.5imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentenv:- name: TZvalue: "Asia/Shanghai"ports:- containerPort: 8123protocol: TCPvolumeMounts:- mountPath: /var/lib/clickhousename: clickhouse-data- mountPath: /etc/clickhouse-server/config.dname: clickhouse-config- mountPath: /etc/clickhouse-server/conf.dname: clickhouse-conf- mountPath: /etc/clickhouse-server/users.dname: clickhouse-usersaffinity:nodeAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:nodeSelectorTerms:- matchExpressions:- key: kubernetes.io/hostnameoperator: Invalues:- "master"- "node1"- "node2"- "node3"podAntiAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:- labelSelector:matchExpressions:- key: appoperator: Invalues:- clickhousetopologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"volumes:- name: clickhouse-dataemptyDir: {}- hostPath:path: /apps/data/gzzx/clickhouse2/config/config.dname: clickhouse-config- hostPath:path: /apps/data/gzzx/clickhouse2/config/conf.dname: clickhouse-conf- hostPath:path: /apps/data/gzzx/clickhouse2/config/users.dname: clickhouse-users
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:labels:app: clickhousename: clickhousenamespace: default
spec:ipFamilies:- IPv4#  - IPv6ipFamilyPolicy: PreferDualStacktype: NodePort  # 将类型修改为 NodePortports:- port: 8123 #服务端口protocol: TCPtargetPort: 8123nodePort: 31125selector:app: clickhouse

3.2. clickhouse配置信息

使用k8s部署时需要使用挂载的方式来修改clickhouse中的配置信息因为需要修改配置信息较多采用文件目录挂载的方式

clickhouse配置挂载目录 /etc/clickhouse-server/conf.d

/etc/clickhouse-server/config.d

用户配置：/etc/clickhouse-server/users.d

共需要修改的地方

zookeeper信息

macros：宏信息可以在建表的时候帮助自动生成相关副本信息

remote_servers：clickhosue集群信息(分片副本等)

user：用户信息

3.2.1. zookeeper配置信息

host使用k8s默认的coreDns zookeeper使用statefulset方式创建

podname.service.namespace.svc.cluster.local

<yandex><zookeeper><node><host>zookeeper-0.zookeepers.default.svc.cluster.local</host><port>2181</port></node><node><host>zookeeper-1.zookeepers.default.svc.cluster.local</host><port>2181</port></node></zookeeper><distributed_ddl><path>/clickhouse/ck-cluster2/task_queue/ddl</path></distributed_ddl>
</yandex>

3.2.2. 集群副本配置

副本和分片配置信息 <shard> <replica>

host信息为 podname+service+namespace.svc.cluster.local

remote_servers下面的标签名表示定义的集群名 ck-cluster

多副本就在shard中指定多个replica 其中host表示不同pod节点

多分片就定义多个shard标签

<yandex><remote_servers><!-- User-specified clusters --><ck-cluster><shard><internal_replication>True</internal_replication><replica><host>clickhouse-v2-0.clickhouse-v2.default.svc.cluster.local</host><port>9000</port><secure>0</secure></replica><replica><host>clickhouse-v2-1.clickhouse-v2.default.svc.cluster.local</host><port>9000</port><secure>0</secure></replica></shard></ck-cluster></remote_servers>
</yandex>

3.2.3. 宏设置

这样我们分布式表的时候会自动根据这里面的宏信息进行命名避免手动指定

这里面所有的涉及到集群信息的配置在不同机器上需要不同如replica shard

如果有分片设置啧shard参数需要修改不然创建表会有问题

如果有副本设置则replica值需要不同

<yandex><macros><installation>ck-cluster</installation><all-sharded-shard>0</all-sharded-shard><cluster>ck-cluster</cluster><shard>0</shard><replica>replica1</replica></macros>
</yandex>

3.2.4. 监听配置

ipv4使用0.0.0.0

ipv6使用 [::]

<yandex><!-- Listen wildcard address to allow accepting connections from other containers and host network. --><listen_host>0.0.0.0</listen_host><listen_try>1</listen_try>
</yandex>

3.2.5. hostanme

如果不指定 clickhouse部署时候会自动生成

<yandex><tcp_port_secure>0</tcp_port_secure><https_port>0</https_port>
</yandex>

3.2.6. 用户信息配置

自定一个用户使用 user2标签即为用户名也可以定义其他

password支持sha256加密

也可以直接使用<password>标签明文指定

<yandex><users><user2><networks><ip>::1</ip><ip>127.0.0.1</ip><ip>::/0</ip></networks><password_sha256_hex>65e84be33532fb784c48129675f9eff3a682b27168c0ea744b2cf58ee02337c5</password_sha256_hex><profile>default</profile><quota>default</quota></user2></users>
</yandex>

3.2.7. 其他配置

日志配置等

查看clickhouse中服务启动情况

cat /var/log/clickhouse-server/clickhouse-server.log

3.3. 配置步骤

（4）集群同步

通过yaml挂载config.d目录将自定义配置文件写入pod

（5）apply部署

3.4. 创建表

副本只能同步数据，不能同步表结构，所以需要在每台机器上自己手动建表

或者借助集群创建表 ck-cluster是我们在集群配置里面的标签名

create table test on cluster 'ck-cluster' (id UInt32,sku_id String,total_amount Decimal(16,2),create_time Datetime
) engine =ReplicatedMergeTreepartition by toYYYYMMDD(create_time)primary key (id)order by (id,sku_id);insert into test values
(101,'sku_001',1000.00,'2020-06-01 12:00:00'),
(102,'sku_002',2000.00,'2020-06-01 12:00:00'),
(103,'sku_004',2500.00,'2020-06-01 12:00:00'),
(104,'sku_002',2000.00,'2020-06-01 12:00:00'),
(105,'sku_003',600.00,'2020-06-02 12:00:00');

执行插入查看不同副本数据信息

副本测试成功

3.5. 分片存储

3.6. 分布式表中的default用户问题

分布式表的操作是通过无密码的default用户但是生产环境一般不允许无密码操作如果直接在user.xml修改default用户会导致连接分布式表错误所以有以下几种解决方式

(1) 一种方式是在clickhouse配置的分片中设置访问用户和密码

这种方式不是特别好密码需要明文存储在配置信息中

(2) 还有一种方式是使用无密码的default用户在用户配置端配置限制ip

但是k8s中集群的ip是随机分配的

（3）采用集群内部加密令牌访问

#CLICKHOUSE_INTERNODE_CLUSTER_SECRET为环境变量 可以在配置文件的时候指定- name: CLICKHOUSE_INTERNODE_CLUSTER_SECRETvalueFrom:secretKeyRef:name: clickhouse-secretskey: secret

可以在容器内部使用printenv | grep "CLICKHOUSE_INTERNODE_CLUSTER_SECRET"查看

建议使用default的用户也进行ip限制创建一个新的用户用于访问ck

4. 容器配置

实现生产配置中还需要完善配置

探针

数据挂载（pv pvc）

反亲和配置

livenessProbe:httpGet:#协议scheme: HTTP#路径path: /ping# 端口port: 8123# 延迟探测时间(秒) 【 在k8s第一次探测前等待秒 】initialDelaySeconds: 600# 执行探测频率(秒) 【 每隔秒执行一次 】periodSeconds: 10# 超时时间timeoutSeconds: 10successThreshold: 1# 不健康阀值failureThreshold: 6volumeMounts:- mountPath: /var/logs/name: clickhouse-logs- mountPath: /var/lib/clickhousename: clickhouse-data- mountPath: /etc/clickhouse-server/config.dname: clickhouse-configaffinity:nodeAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:nodeSelectorTerms:- matchExpressions:- key: kubernetes.io/hostnameoperator: Invalues:- "master"- "node1"- "node2"podAntiAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:- labelSelector:matchExpressions:- key: appoperator: Invalues:- clickhouse-v2topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"volumes:- hostPath:path: /logs/clickhouse/name: clickhouse-logs- hostPath:path: /data/clickhouse/name: clickhouse-data- hostPath:path: /data/clickhouse/config.dname: clickhouse-config

使用文件挂载或者pv pvc挂载持久化数据存储

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:labels:clickhouse-pv: "console"name: clickhouse-efs-pv
spec:storageClassName: nfsaccessModes:- ReadWriteManycapacity:storage: 10Ginfs:path: /5c566f78-e67c-4b0d-821e-e80c76a69c16/server: xxx.xx.xx.xxxpersistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: RetainvolumeMode: Filesystem---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:name: clickhouse-pvcnamespace: gzzx
spec:storageClassName: nfsaccessModes:- ReadWriteManyresources:requests:storage: 10Giselector:matchLabels:vngf-pv: "console"volumeMode: FilesystemvolumeName: clickhouse-efs-pv

---
spec:replicas: 3serviceName: clickhouse-v1template:spec:containers:volumeMounts:- mountPath: /var/lib/clickhousename: clickhouse-dataaffinity:podAntiAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:- labelSelector:matchExpressions:- key: appoperator: Invalues:- clickhouse-v1topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"volumes:- name: clickhouse-datapersistentVolumeClaim:claimName: clickhouse-pvc