[iOS]Auto Layout 代码约束

本文主要是介绍[iOS]Auto Layout 代码约束，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！

[iOS]Auto Layout 代码约束

Demo:http://download.csdn.net/detail/u012881779/9517858

自动布局的优势就不用提了，不管是竖屏、横屏或是在不同分别率的机器上运行，都能完美适应。当然，在实际使用中有时可能是个笑话。

布局的核心是添加约束，用代码添加约束这里有两种方式，分使用VFL（Visual format language)视觉形式语言和不使用VFL。

可以作个区别比较：

使用VFL

- (void)viewDidLoad {[super viewDidLoad];[self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor blackColor]];/*首先，心里要有约束对象的样式比如这样：__ _________ __*/UIView *oneView = [[UIView alloc] init];UIView *twoView = [[UIView alloc] init];UIView *threeView = [[UIView alloc] init];UIView *fourView = [[UIView alloc] init];UIView *fiveView = [[UIView alloc] init];[oneView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]];[twoView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor yellowColor]];[threeView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor blueColor]];[fourView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor orangeColor]];[fiveView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor greenColor]];//添加约束之前，必须将view添加到superview[self.view addSubview:oneView];[self.view addSubview:twoView];[self.view addSubview:threeView];[self.view addSubview:fourView];[self.view addSubview:fiveView];//对于要使用Auto Layout的控件需要关闭Autoresizing[oneView setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];[twoView setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];[threeView setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];[fourView setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];[fiveView setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];/*使用VFL方式约束*/NSMutableDictionary *conDict = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];[conDict setObject:oneView forKey:@"oneObj"];[conDict setObject:twoView forKey:@"twoObj"];[conDict setObject:threeView forKey:@"threeObj"];[conDict setObject:fourView forKey:@"fourObj"];[conDict setObject:fiveView forKey:@"fiveObj"];NSMutableDictionary *metricsDict = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];[metricsDict setObject:[NSNumber numberWithFloat:11.1] forKey:@"dev"];/*"H:" 水平约束"V:" 垂直约束"|"  相当于superview的边界"-"  是连接符，表示两者间的间距，可以省略表示无间距"(==x)" 在括号里约束控件本身的宽/高，x可以是实数（==10.0）约束格式：@"H:||";@"H:|--|";@"H:|-[]-|";@"H:|-[oneObj]-|";描述：水平方向上有一个控件，它距离父视图左边界的距离为默认距离，距离父视图右边界的距离也为默认距离@"H:|-10-[oneObj]-20-|";描述：水平方向上有一个控件，它距离父视图左边界的距离是10，距离父视图右边界的距离是20@"V:|-[]-[]-[]-|";@"V:|-[oneObj]-[twoObj]-[threeObj]-|";@"V:|-10-[oneObj(==threeObj)]-[twoObj(==threeObj)]-[threeObj]-20-|";描述：垂直方向上有三个控件（one,two,three）one距离父视图上边界的距离是10，并且高度与three的高度相等two距离one的下边界距离为默认距离，并且高度与three的高度相等three距离two的下边界距离为默认距离，同时距离父视图的下边界距离是20*///水平关系（H:）NSString *oneHVFL = @"H:|-dev-[oneObj(==twoObj)]-[twoObj]-dev-|";NSString *twoHVFL = @"H:|-dev-[threeObj]-dev-|";NSString *threeHVFL = @"H:|-dev-[fourObj(==fiveObj)]-[fiveObj]-dev-|";//垂直关系（V:）NSString *oneVVFL = @"V:|-dev-[oneObj(==fourObj)]-[threeObj(==fourObj)]-[fourObj]-dev-|";NSString *twoVVFL = @"V:|-dev-[twoObj(==fiveObj)]-[threeObj(==fiveObj)]-[fiveObj]-dev-|";/*添加约束[self.view addConstraint:<#(nonnull NSLayoutConstraint *)#>];[self.view addConstraints:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:<#(nonnull NSString *)#> options:<#(NSLayoutFormatOptions)#> metrics:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *) views:<#(nonnull NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)#>]];注意：对于某个控件来说，横向约束和纵向约束都必须要有，不然视图无法呈现*///横向约束[self.view addConstraints:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:oneHVFL options:0 metrics:metricsDict views:conDict]];[self.view addConstraints:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:twoHVFL options:0 metrics:metricsDict views:conDict]];[self.view addConstraints:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:threeHVFL options:0 metrics:metricsDict views:conDict]];//纵向约束[self.view addConstraints:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:oneVVFL options:0 metrics:metricsDict views:conDict]];[self.view addConstraints:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:twoVVFL options:0 metrics:metricsDict views:conDict]];//更新约束[self.view setNeedsUpdateConstraints];[self.view updateConstraintsIfNeeded];
}

不用VFL

- (void)viewDidLoad {[super viewDidLoad];UIView *oneView = [[UIView alloc] init];UIView *twoView = [[UIView alloc] init];UIView *threeView = [[UIView alloc] init];UIView *fourView = [[UIView alloc] init];UIView *fiveView = [[UIView alloc] init];[oneView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]];[twoView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor yellowColor]];[threeView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor blueColor]];[fourView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor orangeColor]];[fiveView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor greenColor]];//添加约束之前，必须将view添加到superview[self.view addSubview:oneView];[self.view addSubview:twoView];[self.view addSubview:threeView];[self.view addSubview:fourView];[self.view addSubview:fiveView];//对于要使用Auto Layout的控件需要关闭Autoresizing[oneView setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];[twoView setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];[threeView setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];[fourView setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];[fiveView setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];/*对各控件分别添加约束公式的约束形式为：  "view1.attr1 = view2.attr2 * multiplier + constant"[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:<#(nonnull id)#>attribute:<#(NSLayoutAttribute)#>relatedBy:<#(NSLayoutRelation)#>toItem:<#(nullable id)#>attribute:<#(NSLayoutAttribute)#>multiplier:<#(CGFloat)#>constant:<#(CGFloat)#>]];typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSLayoutAttribute) {NSLayoutAttributeLeft = 1,  //左侧NSLayoutAttributeRight,     //右侧NSLayoutAttributeTop,       //上侧NSLayoutAttributeBottom,    //下侧NSLayoutAttributeLeading,   //领先 左侧NSLayoutAttributeTrailing,  //落后 右侧NSLayoutAttributeWidth,NSLayoutAttributeHeight,NSLayoutAttributeCenterX,NSLayoutAttributeCenterY,NSLayoutAttributeBaseline,NSLayoutAttributeLastBaseline = NSLayoutAttributeBaseline,NSLayoutAttributeFirstBaseline NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),NSLayoutAttributeLeftMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),NSLayoutAttributeRightMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),NSLayoutAttributeTopMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),NSLayoutAttributeBottomMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),NSLayoutAttributeLeadingMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),NSLayoutAttributeTrailingMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),NSLayoutAttributeCenterXWithinMargins NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),NSLayoutAttributeCenterYWithinMargins NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute = 0};typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSLayoutRelation) {NSLayoutRelationLessThanOrEqual = -1,NSLayoutRelationEqual = 0,NSLayoutRelationGreaterThanOrEqual = 1,};*///one[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:self.viewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeftrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqualtoItem:oneViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeftmultiplier:1constant:-10]];[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:self.viewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeToprelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqualtoItem:oneViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeTopmultiplier:1constant:-10]];//two[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:oneViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeRightrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqualtoItem:twoViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeftmultiplier:1constant:-10]];[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:self.viewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeToprelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqualtoItem:twoViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeTopmultiplier:1constant:-10]];[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:self.viewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeRightrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqualtoItem:twoViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeRightmultiplier:1constant:10]];[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:oneViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottomrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqualtoItem:twoViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottommultiplier:1constant:0]];//three[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:self.viewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeftrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqualtoItem:threeViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeftmultiplier:1constant:-10]];[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:self.viewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeRightrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqualtoItem:threeViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeRightmultiplier:1constant:10]];[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:oneViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottomrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqualtoItem:threeViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeTopmultiplier:1constant:-10]];//four[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:self.viewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeftrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqualtoItem:fourViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeftmultiplier:1constant:-10]];[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:threeViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottomrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqualtoItem:fourViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeTopmultiplier:1constant:-10]];[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:self.viewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottomrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqualtoItem:fourViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottommultiplier:1constant:10]];//five[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:fourViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeRightrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqualtoItem:fiveViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeftmultiplier:1constant:-10]];[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:threeViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottomrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqualtoItem:fiveViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeTopmultiplier:1constant:-10]];[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:self.viewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeRightrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqualtoItem:fiveViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeRightmultiplier:1constant:10]];[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:self.viewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottomrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqualtoItem:fiveViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottommultiplier:1constant:10]];//width&height[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:oneViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidthrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqualtoItem:twoViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidthmultiplier:1constant:0]];[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:oneViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeightrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqualtoItem:threeViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeightmultiplier:1constant:0]];[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:fourViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidthrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqualtoItem:fiveViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidthmultiplier:1constant:0]];[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:threeViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeightrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqualtoItem:fourViewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeightmultiplier:1constant:0]];//更新约束[self.view setNeedsUpdateConstraints];[self.view updateConstraintsIfNeeded];}

需要注意的地方：

约束是添加在父视图上；

由于约束使用的相对位置，所以父视图与被约束这些视图之间必须有一个视图的size是确定的；

对于某个被约束的视图，必须要能定到位（left、top、right、bottom、width、height），不然视图无法呈现（参照文末“未完整约束时”效果图）；

使用VFL效果图：

竖屏