Linux基础命令[29]-chown

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1. chown 命令说明

chown：更改文件的用户或用户组，需要 root 用户或 sudo 权限的用户执行该命令。基本信息如下：

Usage: chown [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...or:  chown [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.
With --reference, change the owner and group of each FILE to those of RFILE.-c, --changes          like verbose but report only when a change is made-f, --silent, --quiet  suppress most error messages-v, --verbose          output a diagnostic for every file processed--dereference      affect the referent of each symbolic link (this isthe default), rather than the symbolic link itself-h, --no-dereference   affect symbolic links instead of any referenced file(useful only on systems that can change theownership of a symlink)--from=CURRENT_OWNER:CURRENT_GROUPchange the owner and/or group of each file only ifits current owner and/or group match those specifiedhere.  Either may be omitted, in which case a matchis not required for the omitted attribute--no-preserve-root  do not treat '/' specially (the default)--preserve-root    fail to operate recursively on '/'--reference=RFILE  use RFILE's owner and group rather thanspecifying OWNER:GROUP values-R, --recursive        operate on files and directories recursivelyThe following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R
option is also specified.  If more than one is specified, only the final
one takes effect.-H                     if a command line argument is a symbolic linkto a directory, traverse it-L                     traverse every symbolic link to a directoryencountered-P                     do not traverse any symbolic links (default)--help     display this help and exit--version  output version information and exitOwner is unchanged if missing.  Group is unchanged if missing, but changed
to login group if implied by a ':' following a symbolic OWNER.
OWNER and GROUP may be numeric as well as symbolic.Examples:chown root /u        Change the owner of /u to "root".chown root:staff /u  Likewise, but also change its group to "staff".chown -hR root /u    Change the owner of /u and subfiles to "root".GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'chown invocation'

参数如下：

选项	作用
-c	只有真正更改时才会显示信息
-f	忽略错误信息
-h	修复符号链接
-v	显示详细的处理信息
-R	处理文件夹及文件夹中所有文件、子文件夹
-H	配合 -R ，如果命令行参数是指向目录的符号链接，则遍历它
-L	配合 -R ，遍历遇到的每个指向目录的符号链接
-P	配合 -R ，不遍历任何符号链接（默认）

2. chown 命令语法

chown [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE

3. chown 命令示例

3.1 修改属主

[root@localhost aaa]# ll
total 0
-r--rw-r--. 1 root root  0 May 17 08:52 a.txt
drwxrwxrwx. 3 root root 30 Jun  3 12:44 bbb
[root@localhost aaa]# chown test1 a.txt 
[root@localhost aaa]# ll
total 0
-r--rw-r--. 1 test1 root  0 May 17 08:52 a.txt
drwxrwxrwx. 3 root  root 30 Jun  3 12:44 bbb
[root@localhost aaa]# 

3.2 修改属组

修改属组需要加冒号

[root@localhost aaa]# chown :test1 a.txt 
[root@localhost aaa]# ll
total 0
-r--rw-r--. 1 test1 test1  0 May 17 08:52 a.txt
drwxrwxrwx. 3 root  root  30 Jun  3 12:44 bbb
[root@localhost aaa]# id test2
uid=1015(test2) gid=1015(test2) groups=1015(test2)
[root@localhost aaa]# chown 1015 a.txt 
[root@localhost aaa]# ll
total 0
-r--rw-r--. 1 test2 test1  0 May 17 08:52 a.txt
drwxrwxrwx. 3 root  root  30 Jun  3 12:44 bbb
[root@localhost aaa]# 

3.3 修改属主和属组

[root@localhost aaa]# ll
total 0
-r--rw-r--. 1 test2 test1  0 May 17 08:52 a.txt
drwxrwxrwx. 3 root  root  30 Jun  3 12:44 bbb
[root@localhost aaa]# chown test1:test2 a.txt 
[root@localhost aaa]# ll
total 0
-r--rw-r--. 1 test1 test2  0 May 17 08:52 a.txt
drwxrwxrwx. 3 root  root  30 Jun  3 12:44 bbb
[root@localhost aaa]# 

3.4 修改文件夹所属

修改文件夹时，若不加 -R 选项，会只修改该文件夹的所属，加 -R 会将该文件夹下所有内容一起修改。

[root@localhost aaa]# ll
total 0
-r--rw-r--. 1 test1 test2  0 May 17 08:52 a.txt
drwxrwxrwx. 3 root  root  30 Jun  3 12:44 bbb
[root@localhost aaa]# chown test1:test1 bbb/
[root@localhost aaa]# ll
total 0
-r--rw-r--. 1 test1 test2  0 May 17 08:52 a.txt
drwxrwxrwx. 3 test1 test1 30 Jun  3 12:44 bbb
[root@localhost aaa]# cd bbb/
[root@localhost bbb]# ll
total 0
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 0 Jun  3 12:44 1.txt
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 6 Jun  3 12:38 ccc
[root@localhost bbb]# cd ..
[root@localhost aaa]# chown -R test1:test1 bbb/
[root@localhost aaa]# cd bbb/
[root@localhost bbb]# ll
total 0
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 test1 test1 0 Jun  3 12:44 1.txt
drwxrwxrwx. 2 test1 test1 6 Jun  3 12:38 ccc
[root@localhost bbb]# 

4. 总结

chown：更改文件的用户或用户组，常用命令

chown 属主:属组 文件

若是想同步改变文件夹的内容所属，则加上 -R。

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