【第12章】SpringBoot实战篇之文件上传(含阿里云OSS上传)

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前言

本章节介绍本地文件上传和阿里云OSS上传。

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一、本地文件上传

package org.example.springboot3.bigevent.controller;import org.example.springboot3.bigevent.entity.Result;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.UUID;/*** Create by zjg on 2024/5/30*/
@RequestMapping("/file/")
@RestController
public class FileUploadController {@RequestMapping("upload")public Result upload(MultipartFile file) throws IOException {String filePath="E:\\opt\\file\\upload\\";String filename = file.getOriginalFilename();String pathname=filePath+ UUID.randomUUID()+filename.substring(filename.lastIndexOf("."));file.transferTo(new File(pathname));return Result.success("文件上传成功");}
}

二、阿里云OSS上传

1. 环境准备

使用Java 1.7.0及以上版本。

您可以通过命令java -version查看Java版本。

2.安装SDK

在Maven工程中使用OSS Java SDK，只需在pom.xml中加入相应依赖即可。在中加入如下内容：

<dependency><groupId>com.aliyun.oss</groupId><artifactId>aliyun-sdk-oss</artifactId><version>3.15.1</version>
</dependency>

如果使用的是Java 9及以上的版本，则需要添加JAXB相关依赖。添加JAXB相关依赖示例代码如下：

<dependency><groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId><artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId><version>2.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency><groupId>javax.activation</groupId><artifactId>activation</artifactId><version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- no more than 2.3.3-->
<dependency><groupId>org.glassfish.jaxb</groupId><artifactId>jaxb-runtime</artifactId><version>2.3.3</version>
</dependency>

3.使用长期访问凭证

配置RAM用户的访问密钥：如果您需要长期访问您的OSS，您可以通过RAM用户的访问密钥的方式访问您的OSS。

3.1 获取RAM用户的访问密钥

如何获取RAM用户的访问密钥，请参见创建RAM用户的AccessKey。

3.2 配置RAM用户的访问密钥(Linux)

1. 打开终端
2. 执行以下命令

sudo vim /etc/profile

3. 在文件末尾添加RAM用户的访问密钥

export OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=LTAI****
export OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET=IrVTNZNy**** 

4. 按ESC键退出编辑模式，输入:wq，然后按Enter键保存并退出文件
5. 输入以下命令以使更改生效

source /etc/profile

6. 执行以下命令验证环境变量配置

echo $OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
echo $OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET

成功返回示例如下：

LTAI****
IrVTNZNy****

3.3 从环境变量中获取RAM用户的访问密钥

// 使用环境变量中获取的RAM用户的访问密钥配置访问凭证。
EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();

4. 工具类

package org.example.springboot3.bigevent.utils;import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.CredentialsProviderFactory;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import java.io.InputStream;public class OssUtil {private static final String ENDPOINT = "https://oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com";private static final String BUCKET_NAME = "oss";//上传文件,返回文件的公网访问地址public static String uploadFile(String objectName, InputStream inputStream) throws com.aliyuncs.exceptions.ClientException {// 使用环境变量中获取的RAM用户的访问密钥配置访问凭证。EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();// 创建OSSClient实例。OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(ENDPOINT,credentialsProvider);//公网访问地址String url = "";try {// 创建存储空间。ossClient.createBucket(BUCKET_NAME);ossClient.putObject(BUCKET_NAME, objectName, inputStream);url = "https://"+BUCKET_NAME+"."+ENDPOINT.substring(ENDPOINT.lastIndexOf("/")+1)+"/"+objectName;} catch (OSSException oe) {System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "+ "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());} catch (ClientException ce) {System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "+ "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "+ "such as not being able to access the network.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());} finally {if (ossClient != null) {ossClient.shutdown();}}return url;}
}

5.使用

package org.example.springboot3.bigevent.controller;import com.aliyuncs.exceptions.ClientException;
import org.example.springboot3.bigevent.entity.Result;
import org.example.springboot3.bigevent.utils.OssUtil;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.UUID;/*** Create by zjg on 2024/5/30*/
@RequestMapping("/file/")
@RestController
public class FileUploadController {@RequestMapping("oss/upload")public Result<String> ossUpload(MultipartFile file) throws IOException, ClientException {String filename = file.getOriginalFilename();String pathname= UUID.randomUUID()+filename.substring(filename.lastIndexOf("."));String url = OssUtil.uploadFile(pathname, file.getInputStream());return Result.success("文件上传成功",url);}
}

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总结

该方案仅供参考，更多内容请参考官方网站

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