Linux configure for java web developer

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安装ubuntu需要配置文件和安装许多软件，因为自己对ubuntu没有深入的了解，出了一些问题就会重装系统。多装几次后总结了一些常用的配置和踩过的坑：

分区方案

/boot     boot分区，引导系统程序所需要的文件，安装多个操作系统时用来引导
/         根分区
/usr      系统用户工具和程序
/home     用户目录
swap分区   大小约等于内存的大小，相当于win下的虚拟内存

更改root权限密码

刚安装好的ubuntu root权限密码需要激活

sudo passwd

更新软件源

设置–>软件和更新–>更改服务器，取消掉下载源码选项会节省很多时间。

 sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get upgrade

删除不必要的软件

亚马逊等封装在ubuntu的软件对我们没用，在软件中新删除

安装搜狗拼音

检查是否安装fcitx，bssh

sudo apt-get install fcitx libssh
dpkg -l|grep fcitx
dpkg -l|grep libssh

去搜狗输入法官网下载安装，重启之后生效

配置java

• 下载jdk
• 配置环境变量

sudo vim /etc/profile
add
export JAVA_HOME=your jdk dir
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH
EXITsource /etc/profile

• /etc/environment与/etc/profile的区别
  /etc/environment针对的时整个系统的设置，而/etc/profile针对/home目录下的用户
  如果以上两个文件的配置相同，会在用户的桌面环境中显示/etc/profile中的配置

安装GIT

git官网
git帮助

$ git help <verb>
$ git <verb> --help
$ man git-<verb>e.g.
git help config

注意：使用代理或者无法连网的情况下git push -u origin master会报错：

ssh: connect to host github.com port 22: Connection timed out
fatal: Could not read from remote repository.Please make sure you have the correct access rights
and the repository exists.

我们可以停用代理或者修改ssh代替https
SSH / Using SSH over the HTTPS port

SSH / Error: Bad file number

ssh

ssh与git和github相关的配置
公钥和私钥

ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "your email"
cd ~/.ssh
将id_rsa.pub中的内容复制到github中
测试
ssh -T git@github.com

install mysql

ubuntu自带的包版本和社区维护的版本有区别，一般官方社区维护的版本要比ubuntu团队的版本更新快，所以我们安装社区的版本

1. 下载.deb文件,注意选择版本
2. Adding the MySQL APT Repository
   
   1. sudo dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_w.x.y-zubuntu14.04_all.deb
   2. During the installation of the package, you will be asked to choose the versions of the MySQL server and other components (for example, the MySQL Workbench) that you want to install. If you are not sure which version to choose, do not change the default options selected for you. You can also choose none if you do not want a particular component to be installed. After making the choices for all components, choose Apply to finish the configuration and installation of the release package.
   3. 可以重新配置选择的软件包sudo dpkg-reconfigure mysql-apt-config
3. sudo apt-get update(更新软件列表)点我查看更新了那些软件包
4. sudo apt-get install package-name
5. 安装 sudo apt-get install mysql-server

Starting and Stopping the MySQL Server

shell> sudo service mysql status

Stop the MySQL server with the following command:
shell> sudo service mysql stop

To restart the MySQL server, use the following command:
shell> sudo service mysql start

修改mysql编码为UTF8

登录mysql

mysql -u root -p

输入密码
查看编码

“`shell

 show variables like '%char%'+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

“`

修改编码
sudo vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
在[client]下添加
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql] 下添加
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]下添加
character-set-server=utf8

注意这里的utf8千万不能写成utf-8,mysql的字符集不识别utf-8的

maven

去maven官网下载解压到制定目录即可

我的情况时这样的，之前ubuntu崩溃了，把里面的myeclipse和workspace拷贝出来重新安装ubuntu和maven，结果之前用maven管理的项目文件pom.xml报错：
“`java
CoreException: Could not calculate build plan: Plugin org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1 or one of its dependencies could not be resolved: Failed to read artifact descriptor for org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:jar:2.5.1: ArtifactResolutionException: Failure to transfer org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:pom:2.5.1 from http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2 was cached in the local repository, resolution will not be reattempted until the update interval of central has elapsed or updates are forced. Original error: Could not transfer artifact org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:pom:2.5.1 from/to central (http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2): No response received after 60000

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