不用第三个变量，交换两个变量的值三种方案详解

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Change two varible's value without the third varible

update: 2014.12.14(找到了第三种方案,简直...搞笑)

通常，交换两个变量的值的技巧就是多用一个中间变量。

source code:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>int main()
{int varible_1 = 10;int varible_2 = 20;int temp = 0;//the third varibleprintf("before changing value:\nvarible_1 = %d,varible_2 = %d\n",varible_1,varible_2);temp = varible_1;varible_1 = varible_2;varible_2 = temp;printf("after changing value:\nvarible_1 = %d,varible_2 = %d\n",varible_1,varible_2);return 0;
}

jasonleaster@ubuntu:~/Desktop$ ./a.out
before changing value:
varible_1 = 10,varible_2 = 20
after changing value:
varible_1 = 20,varible_2 = 10

我是听说这个问题是面试官出的，于是留意了一下。

方案一

一目了然的感觉！有木有!

最根本的思想是保留两个数据之间的“距离”，然后保持另外一个变量不变，就能交换这两个变量。

具体的操作

a = a - b;//step one 把ab之间的距离储存在a中，以丢失a的信息为代价，但是保持b不变

b = a + b;//step two 此时a是ab之间的距离。当a在b的右侧， step two时a就是大于0的数，于是b = a+b就变成原来的a了！

a = b - a;// step three.此时等式右边，利用a是原来两点之间的距离，b变成了原来的a，于是b - 原来的距离差，就是原来的b了

source code:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>int main()
{int varible_1 = 10;int varible_2 = 20;printf("before changing value:\nvarible_1 = %d,varible_2 = %d\n",varible_1,varible_2);varible_1 = varible_1 - varible_2;varible_2 = varible_2 + varible_1;varible_1 = varible_2 - varible_1;printf("after changing value:\nvarible_1 = %d,varible_2 = %d\n",varible_1,varible_2);return 0;
}

jasonleaster@ubuntu:~/Desktop$ ./b.out
before changing value:
varible_1 = 10,varible_2 = 20
after changing value:
varible_1 = 20,varible_2 = 10

方案二：

位运算是个很有意思，很好玩的东西。 ---- ^

a ^ b == a异或b

0x01101001 ^ 0x 11000011 = 0x10101010

额。。。这个1010绝对是巧合。。。我随手敲出的数字，然后算的，just a demo

异或运算的几种特殊情况：

a^a = 0; //很明显咯

a^0 = a;//a 和 0做异或运算，等于本身

a^F = ~a；//这里F用来表示和a长度一致的位全1变量。a和所有位都是1的变量做异或运算，得到a的反

test :

a = 0x0101

a^a = 0x0000;

a^0x0000 = 0101;

a^0x1111 = 1010;

It‘s so obvious :-)

理解如下方法，始终要记住异或运算旨在保留两变量的“对应位相同与否”的这个信息！

重点来鸟：

a = a^b;//step one 这个语句完成后，a保存了很重要的信息，a,b对应位相同与否的信息被保存在a之中了，于此同时，b的信息未被损坏，a的信息丢失。

b = a^b;//step two 此时利用a变量个个位的信息做参照(因为a保留了ab之间的联系信息,异或)，于是对a^b;做异或运算，可以得到a；同样还可以这样理解（a^b）^b = a^(b^b) = a^0 = a; 然后赋值给b，此时b变成原来初始的a

a = a^b;//step three 还是利用a保留了ab之间联系信息(异或),于是有(a^b)^(a^b)^b = a^a^b = b;

It was done!

source code:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>int main()
{int varible_1 = 10;int varible_2 = 20;printf("before changing value:\nvarible_1 = %d,varible_2 = %d\n",varible_1,varible_2);varible_1 = varible_1 ^ varible_2;varible_2 = varible_1 ^ varible_2;varible_1 = varible_1 ^ varible_2;printf("after changing value:\nvarible_1 = %d,varible_2 = %d\n",varible_1,varible_2);return 0;
}

jasonleaster@ubuntu:~/Desktop$ ./c.out
before changing value:
varible_1 = 10,varible_2 = 20
after changing value:
varible_1 = 20,varible_2 = 10

方案三:

a = 1;

b = 2;

a = a*b;

b = a/b;

a = a/b;

今天才看到这方法...简直搞笑...

If there is something wrong with my explaination, please touch me by e-mail jasonleaster@gmail.com.

Thank you and wish my blog will help you.