本文主要是介绍Android6.0 动态权限(Runtime Permission),希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
Android6.0 动态权限
Android 6.0中将Runtime Permission分成了普通权限(Normal Permission)以及危险权限(Dangerous Permission),普通权限在AndroidManifest.xml中注册的时候是默认打开的,而被认为危险的权限在注册的时候是关闭的,需要用户去打开或者在代码里动态申请。当APP的API < 23时,危险权限还是默认打开的,只有当APP的API >= 23的时候,新的Runtime Permission的套路才会有效果。
危险权限(Dangerous Permission)
危险权限一共有以下几种:
身体传感器,日历,摄像头,通讯录,地理位置,麦克风,电话,短信,存储空间.
在Framework中默认打开Dangerous Permission
有些系统程序他申请了危险权限,但是很多情况下他是默认打开的,比如原生Camera的Camera,Storage等权限是默认打开的,不需要用户去动态打开它或者在代码里申请打开它。那么他是怎么做到的?其实在framework中有一个配置文件可以默认去为系统APP打开危险权限。
这个文件的全路径:
/myandroid/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/DefaultPermissionGrantPolicy.java
// CameraIntent cameraIntent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);PackageParser.Package cameraPackage = getDefaultSystemHandlerActivityPackageLPr(cameraIntent, userId);if (cameraPackage != null&& doesPackageSupportRuntimePermissions(cameraPackage)) {grantRuntimePermissionsLPw(cameraPackage, CAMERA_PERMISSIONS, userId);grantRuntimePermissionsLPw(cameraPackage, MICROPHONE_PERMISSIONS, userId);grantRuntimePermissionsLPw(cameraPackage, STORAGE_PERMISSIONS, userId);}
从上面这段代码就可以看到Camera中默认打开了CAMERA_PERMISSIONS, MICROPHONE_PERMISSIONS, STORAGE_PERMISSIONS这三个Dangerous Permission。
//在系统APP Browser中加入默认Sotrage权限。
grantRuntimePermissionsLPw(browserPackage, STORAGE_PERMISSIONS, userId);
在APP中动态申请Dangerous Permission
这些关于权限的API都是在Activity中调用的。我这里使用的API是23,在support包里也有一套一样的API。
检查权限是否Grant
if(checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO)!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){mNumPermissionsToRequest++;mShouldRequestSoundPermission = true;}
申请权限
if(mShouldRequestStoragePermission){permissionToRequest[permissionRequestIndex] = Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;mIndexPermissionRequestStorage= permissionRequestIndex;permissionRequestIndex++;}//关键是这句,调用这个API之后会出现如下的对话框,这个对话框是系统UI,不需要APP来写if(permissionToRequest.length > 0){requestPermissions(permissionToRequest, PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);}
授权(Allow)或拒绝授权(Deny)后会在Activity回调这个方法
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {switch (requestCode) {case PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE:if (grantResults.length > 0&& grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {Log.v(TAG, "Grant permission successfully");} else {Log.v(TAG, "Grant permission unsuccessfully");}break;default:break;}
}
为了使用方便,我自己封装了一个小工具,贴出代码
import java.util.List;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.Manifest;
import android.util.Log;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import com.freescale.cactusplayer.R;public class PermissionChecker {private Activity mActivity;private String[] mPermissions;private PermissionCheckCallback mCallback;private static final String TAG = "PermissionChecker";private static final int REQUST_CODE = 0;private boolean isDefaultDialog = false;public PermissionChecker setActivity(Activity activity) {this.mActivity = activity;return this;}public PermissionChecker setPermissions(String[] permissions) {this.mPermissions = permissions;return this;}public PermissionChecker setCallback(PermissionCheckCallback callback) {this.mCallback = callback;return this;}public PermissionChecker setDefaultDialog(boolean isDefaultDialog) {this.isDefaultDialog = isDefaultDialog;return this;}public boolean isPermissionGrant(String permission) {return mActivity.checkSelfPermission(permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;}public void checkPermission() {if (mPermissions == null || mActivity == null || mPermissions == null)return;List<String> permissionToRequestList = new LinkedList<String>();for (String permission : mPermissions) {if(mActivity.checkSelfPermission(permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)permissionToRequestList.add(permission);}String[] permissionToRequest = (String[])permissionToRequestList.toArray(new String[permissionToRequestList.size()]);if(permissionToRequest.length > 0){mActivity.requestPermissions(permissionToRequest, REQUST_CODE);if (mCallback != null)mCallback.onRequest();} else {if (mCallback != null) {mCallback.onGranted();}}}public interface PermissionCheckCallback {void onRequest();void onGranted();void onGrantSuccess();void onGrantFail();}public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {switch (requestCode) {case REQUST_CODE:if (grantResults.length > 0&& grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {Log.v(TAG, "Grant permission successfully");if (mCallback != null)mCallback.onGrantSuccess();} else {if (isDefaultDialog) {popupWarningDialog();return;}if (mCallback != null) {mCallback.onGrantFail();}}break;default:break;}}private void popupWarningDialog(){DialogInterface.OnClickListener dialogOnclicListener=new DialogInterface.OnClickListener(){@Overridepublic void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {switch(which){case Dialog.BUTTON_POSITIVE:if (mCallback != null) mCallback.onGranted();break;case Dialog.BUTTON_NEGATIVE:mActivity.finish();break;default:break;}}};AlertDialog.Builder builder=new AlertDialog.Builder(mActivity);builder.setTitle(R.string.Warning);builder.setMessage(R.string.PermissionNotGrant);builder.setPositiveButton(R.string.OK,dialogOnclicListener);builder.setNegativeButton(R.string.Cancel, dialogOnclicListener);builder.create().show();}
}
使用的方法
//new一个PermissionChecker然后填入相应的权限和Callback
mPermissionChecker = new PermissionChecker();
mPermissionChecker.setActivity(this).setDefaultDialog(true).setPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}).setCallback(new PermissionCheckCallback() {@Overridepublic void onRequest() {}@Overridepublic void onGranted() {initView();}@Overridepublic void onGrantSuccess() {initView();}@Overridepublic void onGrantFail() {}}).checkPermission();//回调的时候调用PermissionChecker的onRequestPermissionsResult方法
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {mPermissionChecker.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
}
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